8 .12 rolling mills presented here are based directly on standard Soviet equipment discussed in a Soviet text on rolling mills (8.6). When examining the data on existing rolling mills and also lighter machine tools such as lathes, milling machines and drill presses, two interesting relations emerged (see Appendix VIII.A). The first is a very definite direct relationship between the mass of a machine tool and its power requirement, or power to mass ratio. The second is a relation between the mass of a machine and the volume it occupies, or the "mean density" of the tool. For large rolling mills it was found that the power requirement of the equipment expressed in watts is about twice the mass in kilograms or: (Specific power required) = 2 watts/kg This value agrees quite well with the power and masses presented in reference (8.6). For example, a complete 1150 mm roll diameter blooming mill which masses 5000 metric tons should require by our relation 10,000 kW, when,in fact,it requires slightly more, 11,000 kW. Less data is available on the mean density of rolling mills. A value of 1000 kg per cubic meter or (Mean density) = 1000 kg/m 3 was used,based partially on data from reference (8.6). This is also the upper limit of the mean density determined for lighter machine tools such as milling machines and lathes (see Appendix VIII.A.3). While this density is possibly too high for presentday Earth rolling mills, it probably represents an efficient compactly designed space-based mill. This value is in rough agreement with the data given in reference (8.6). For example, the 1150 blooming mill mentioned above has a mass of 5000 tons and by our relation should occupy 5000 m 3 . If this volume were in the form of a cylinder whose length equals its diameter and has hemispherical endcaps, the diameter of the cylinder would be 23 meters and the overall length, 46 meters (see Section VIII.6). In fact, the blooming mill bay of the 1150 mill is 96 meters long and 27 meters across, but appears as though it could be compressed to a space about SO meters long and 27 meters wide.
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