• The ability to restore service quickly and smoothly in case of a partial or complete system breakdown and source interruption. It should be noted that half of these system aspects relate to the ability of the system to respond to disturbances without undue reaction (what we shall call system stability) and the other half refer to the adequacy of generation and transmission equipment to meet the demand for electric power. These two criteria are related; the less the excess of generation capacity over power demand, the more likely is the system to react with instability to certain types of system disturbances. The question addressed in this report was how is the SPS likely to affect either the stability or reliability of the existing or expected power pools? The resources allocated for this study were too small to allow an evaluation of these problems in the depth they deserve. The purpose of the study was to describe the nature of the problems and to estimate their magnitudes. Regional Reliability Councils The 1965 "Northeast Blackout", followed by another extensive blackout in another area in 1967, had wide repercussions within the industry. Many questions were raised such as: • Are the planning criteria correct? • Are design concepts adequate? • Should interconnections between power systems be strengthened or eliminated? Extensive studies of these questions were undertaken by both the utilities and the Federal Power Commission (FPC). The
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