Design, construct, and evaluate the Amplitron device with associated filtering based on criteria which include efficiency, noise and harmonics output, start-up behavior at very cold temperatures and in ultra-high vacuum, operation using variable magnetic fields features, long operating life, low cost, producibility, and maintainability. The above issues present a broad outline of the microwave power generation, transmission and rectification development program. Subsidiary issues in each of the work areas will be identified as development proceeds and specific designs are analyzed. b. Biological Effects of Microwaves Standards for microwave exposures ranging from a continuous exposure limit of 10 mW/cm2 in the United States to 0.01 mW/cm2 in the Soviet Union have been established. In the United States, the standard is based on microwave heating of body tissues, while Soviet investigators believe that the central nervous system is affected by microwaves, even at very low exposure levels. In view of the different interpretations of the effects of microwave exposure, there is a need to obtain a better understanding of these effects and to develop experimental procedures to assure that the by-products of microwave-generating equipment, such as X-rays, ozone, and oxides of nitrogen, in addition to extraneous environmental conditions imposed on laboratory test animals would not lead to a misinterpretation of the laboratory observations. The lack of widely accepted standards for microwave exposure requires that the SSPS design be able to accommodate a range of power flux densities. An understanding of the specific SSPS-induced environment, predictions, analyses and measurements will have to be an essential part of the development program as additional information on microwave biological effects is made available. Precise control of the microwave beam through SSPS stabilization and automatic phase control will assure that the microwave power will be efficiently transmitted to the receiving antenna. The transmitting antenna size, the shape of the microwave power distribution across the antenna, and the total power transmitted will determine the level of microwave power flux densities in the beam reaching the Earth. The SSPS fail-safe design features will include a pilot signal transmitted from the ground to the SSPS to assure precise beam-pointing and remotely operated switches to open solar cell array circuits and shut off all power to the microwave generators. There is a wide choice of the microwave power flux densities incident upon the receiving antenna at a desired total microwave power output. The variations in microwave power flux densities can be obtained by adjusting the diameters of the transmitting and receiving antennas. A guard ring can be provided so that the level of microwave exposure of tjie public will be less substantial than 0.1 mW/cm2, because there is considerable design flexibility so that the SSPS can be operated to meet agreed-upon standards for microwave exposure. Figure 87 shows the microwave power density distribution for very simple power distributions across the transmitting antenna.
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