4. Ionospheric Heating - Ionospheric and atmospheric heating calculations should be used to estimate the effects of emitted optical and IR radiation on astronomy. Although a substantial basis already exists for quantitative evaluation of SPS radio interference, uncertainties concerning properties of SPS and radio astronomy equipment still remain and in several cases preclude quantitative estimates of effects. Among the areas the radio group recommended for further it study were: 1. Noise Radiation - Uncertainties in the noise levels in the protected bands make it clear that noise measurements for any planned system should be made at an early stage. 2. Effect on the Very Large Array and Arecibo Facilities - Current engineering data are not adequate to determine the level of 4.9 GHz second harmonic interference to these two unique facilities. This potential problem should be given careful study. 3. Rectenna Siting - Rectenna sites have associated leakage. Its effect on existing facilities should be investigated. 4. Reradiated Energy - Rectenna arrays would reradiate energy at various frequencies in the radio spectrum. Their properties are not yet sufficiently defined to allow a meaningful assessment of the consequences of this radiation. Both the optical and radio working groups further recommended an ongoing panel to continually evaluate the impact of SPS as system designs evolve. * All these areas are being considered in the current electro-magnetic compatibility task of the SPS Environmental Assessment Program.
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