SPS Effects on Optical and Radio Astronomy

Cover	1
Title Page	3
Table of Contents	5
Introduction and Summary	11
Workshop Opening Statement	23
Introduction	25
Background	25
Organization of the Workshop	25
Organization of the Report	26
Basic Conclusions of the Workshop	29
SPS Briefing Document - Radio and Optical Astronomy Effects	33
Introduction	35
General Characteristics of the SPS Reference System	36
Satellite Optical Effects	37
A. Diffuse Reflection	37
B. Specular Reflction	38
C. Diffuse Sky Brightness	39
D. Satellite Thermal Infrared Emission	41
E. Ionosperic Infrared and Optical Emissions	41
Radio Effects	43
A. Satellite Main Power Bean	43
B. Satellite Harmonic Radiation	44
C. Satellite Noise Radiation	44
D. Rectenna Powre Beam Scattering	46
E. Rectenna Harmonic Radiation	46
F. Rectenna Noise Radiation	46
Appendix: TIme-Varying Brightness of the Solar Collecting Array	49
Invited Presentations of SPS Effects on Optical Astronomy	51
Limitations of the Briefing Document's Characterization of the SPS Reference System	53
Comments of the Effects of Increased Diffuse SKy Brightness of Fint Object Astronomical Observations	57
Effects of the SPS on Ground-Based Astronomical Telescopes	63
Infrared Astronomy	69
Possible Impacts of the SPS on the Space Telescope	71
Report of the Optical Astronomy Working Group	75
The Nature of Astronomical Observations	78
The Origin of SPS Effects on Optical Astronomy	88
Impact Thresholds of the SPS on Optical Astronomy	93
Effects on Optical Astronomy	99
Recommendations and Remedies	101
Report on SPS Effects on Aeronomy	105
Introduction	107
Effects on Aeronomy Observations	109
Invited Presentations on SPS Effects on Radio Astronomy	119
Microwave Power Transmission System	121
SPS Noise and Harmonics	127
SPS-Generated Field Strengths at 2.45Ghz, Typical Effects	143
Interference Effects on Radio Astronomy Equipment	147
Possible Overeload and Physical Damge of a Radio Astronomy Receiver Caused by the SPS	151
Potential Impact of Out-Of-Band Radiation from the SPS At Arecibo Observatory	155
THe Effects of te Proposed SPS on the VLA	159
SPS Effects on Very-Long Baseline Interferometry	167
Considerations Regarding Deep Space Communication and the SPS	171
Report of the Radio Astronomy Working Group	176
Summary Statement	177
Actual Properties of the Microwave Power Transmission System	180
Assignment of SPS Harmonic Frequencies	181
Time-Variability of SPS Off-Axis Radiation and Intrinsic Multiple Satellite Effects	181
The "Rusty Bolt" Effect	182
Interference Rejection Properties Peculiar to Synthesis Arrays (as the VLA)	183
Siting Considerations	184
On Moving Radio Astronomy to the Lunar Far Side	186
Appendix A: CCIR Reports on Radio Astronomy (Reports 223-4 and 224-4)	189
A Note on CCIR Report 224-4 AND THE FUTURE	190
A 10 TO 20 Year Protection	191
223-4: Line Frequencies Arising From Natural Phenomena of Interest to Radioastronomy and Related Sciences	195
Annex I The Neutral Hydrogen Line	206
Annex II Th OH Lines in Radioastronomy	208
Annex III Water Vapour Line at 22.235 GHz	212
Annex IV The Formaldehyde Lines	215
Annex V The Carbon Monoxide Lines	216
Report 224-6 Charactertics on the Radioastronomy Services and Interference Protection Criteria	217
Annex I Radio-frequency Lines of the Greatest Importance to Radioastronomy	230
Appendix B: CCIR Reports on Deep-Space Research (Reports 365-3 and 685)	231
Recommendation 365-3 Frequncies, Bndwidth and Protection Critieria for Manned And Unmanned Deep-Space Research	233
Recommendation 364-3 Telecommunication Links for Manned and Unmanndd Near-Earth Research Satellites	235
Report 685 Protection Criteria and Sharing Considerations Relating to Deep-Space Research	237
Appendix C. Effect of SPS Transmissions on Radio Astronomical Resaerch	247
Chairman's Note	248
Effect of Solar Power Satellite transmissions on radio astronomical research	249
1. Introduction	249
2. The present proposals for a Solar Power Satellite System (SPS)	250
3. Interference with radio telescopes	250
4. Operational circumstances	251
5. Filtering requirements	253
6. Discussion	255
7. Conclusions	256
References and Notes	257
Appendix D. National Academy of Sciences Report on SPS Effects	259
Solar Power Satellite - Assessment of Potential for Interference to Radio Astronomy Observations	260
Appendix E. Environmental Consideration for the Microwave Beam from a SPS	263
Environmental Considerations for the Microwave Beam from a SPS	264
Acknowledgments	270

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTU5NjU0Mg==