CONTENTS 1 .0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background................................................................................................................... 1 2 .0 PROGRAMMATICS.................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Derivation of Satellite Energy System Program Definition ...................................... 7 2.2 Requirements ................................................................................................................9 3 .0 ALTERNATIVE POWER GENERATION APPROACHES..................................................11 3.1 Concepts Investigated ................................................................................................11 3.2 Solar Thermionic, Direct Radiation Cooled (Concept 1).........................................11 3.3 Solar Thermionic, Liquid Cooled (Concept 2).......................................................... 11 3.4 Solar Closed Brayton Cycle (Concept 3)...................................................................12 3.5 Solar Thermionic/Brayton Cycle Cascade (Concept 4)............................................. 12 3.6 Silicon Photovoltaic (Concept 5)................................................................................12 3.7 Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaic (Concept 6)...............................................................13 3.8 Nuclear Thermionic (Concept 7)...............................................................................13 3.9 Nuclear Closed Brayton Cycle (Concept 8)...............................................................14 3.10 Power Transfer System (Concept 9).......................................................................... 14 3.11 Emphasized Concepts ................................................................................................14 4 .0 SUBSYSTEMS........................................................................................................................... 15 4.1 Materials .......................................................................................................................15 4.2 Solar Concentrators......................................................................................................16 4.3 Structure.......................................................................................................................18 4.4 Cavity Solar Absorber................................................................................................. 19 4.5 Concentrator/Absorber Optimization .......................................................................20 4.6 Thermionics.................................................................................................................. 20 4.7 Solar Cells .................................................................................................................. 29 4.8 Turbomachines..............................................................................................................32 4.9 Nuclear Reactors......................................................................................................... 36 4.10 Radiators.......................................................................................................................41 4.11 Power Distribution ..................................................................................................... 60 5 .0 SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION AND CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTION ............................63 5.1 System Optimization .................................................................................................63 5.2 Solar Direct Radiation Cooled Thermionic (Concept 1) 63 5.3 Solar Liquid Cooled Thermionic (Concept 2) 66 5.4 Solar Closed Cycle Brayton (Concept 3)...................................................................68 5.5 Thermionic Brayton Cascade (Concept 4) 70 5.6 Solar Silicon Photovoltaic (Concept 5)....................................................................... 70 5.7 Solar Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaic (Concept 6) 73 5.8 Nuclear Thermionic (Concept 7)................................................................................74 5.9 Nuclear Closed Brayton Cycle (Concept 8).............................................................. 75 5.10 Solar Power Transfer (Concept 9) 77 6 .0 COST ........................................................................................................................................79 6.1 Baseline Auxiliary Systems .........................................................................................79
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