Table I. Plant Growth Responses Under the Control of Phytochrome From F.B. Salisbury (2) I. Time-independent responses, the degree of response usually related to the amount of P^. A. Elongation or Enlargement Responses 1. Stem elongation of vascular plants 2. Petiole elongation 3. Root growth 4. Leaf enlargement 5. Plunular hook unfolding B. Pigment Formation 1. Anthocyanin formation in various systems, e.g., apple or turnip skin, cabbage leaves, etc. 2. Carotene formation in tomato skins 3. Activation of chlorophyll synthesis C. Process Initiation 1. Germination of many seeds and spores 2. Dark growth of fern gametophytes and Lemna 3. Chloroplast orientation toward light H. Gametophyte formation from sporophyte in some mosses 5. Initiation of timing in certain circadian rhythms II. Time-dependent Responses: Photoperiodism 1. Flower initiation in long-day and short-day plants 2. Flower development 3. Morphological responses of vegetative plant to daylength U. Development of reproductive structures in Bryophytes 5. Germination of certain seeds 6. Onset of dormancy 7. Carbon fixation in succulents
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