Dept of Commerce Analysis of SPS Interference

Cover	1
Title Page	3
Table of Contents	5
Analysis of Interference from the SPS to General Elecronic Systems	9
1. Inroduction	9
2. Description of SPS	10
3. Interference fro General Elecronic Equipment	12
4. Medical Electronics Equipment	22
4.1 Cardiac Pacemakers and EMI	22
4.2 The Effects of Frequency	24
4.3 The Effects of Pulse Width and Repetition Rate	27
4.4 Effects of Modulation	27
4.5 Historical Trends in Pacemakers	27
4.6 EMC Standards for Medical Electronic Devices	27
4.7 Medical Electronics Summary	28
5. SPS Interference to Integrated Circuits	30
6. Conclusions	35
7. Acknowledgements	39
8. References	39
Bibliographic Data Sheet	41
List of Figures	6
Figure 1. Summary of microwave interference thresholds	19
Figure 2. Summary of microwave interference thresholds	20
Figure 3. Summary of microwave interference thresholds	21
Figure 4. General types of cardiac pacemakers.	23
Figure 5. Pacemaker threshold of potential hazard level	26
Figure 6. Recommendations for minimum electric field susceptibility limits for medical electronic devices	29
List of Tables	7
Table 1. Characteristics of SPS	10
Table 2. Approximate Power Density of the 2.45 GHz Fields at the Surface of the Earth	11
Table 3. Summary of TV Channels that have Spurious Responses at 2.45 GHz	15
Table 4. Pacemaker EMC Test Summary	25
Table 5. Summary of Interference Threshold Measurements on Integrated Circuits	32
Table 6. Estimates of the Maximum Power Prf (max) and Average Power Prf	33
Table 7. Difference between Prf(max) and InterferenceThreshold Values Shown in Table 5	34
Table 8. Difference between Prf (avg) and Interference Threshold Values Shown in Table 5	34
Table 9. Summary of Susceptibility of 3 Types of Unshielded Integrated Circuits to 2.45 GHz SPS Interference	36

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