(mesosphere) and high-altitude rocket injections. Problems needing particular emphasis are the details of injection mechanics (see Section 3.1.3, which was prepared by C. Park after the workshop), condensation and evaporation processes (see Section 2.5), estimates of dynamical transport in the mesosphere and thermosphere (see Section 2.6 and 3), and, of course, any problems related to F-region depletion (see Section 5.2 above). One output of these studies will be the design of experiments to increase our understanding in critical areas. 4. Environmental effects of ^O/Hq injections. In addition to the F- region depletion, there are other potential problems that should be examined to see whether detailed investigation beyond what has been done thus far is necessary. Specific problems that have to be resolved and documented are: 4.1 Effects of hydrogen injections on the magnetosphere. 4.2 Changes in airglow. 4.3 Effects on satellite drag. Items 1-4 have the highest priority in this group, although the longterm monitoring aspects of items 1 and 2 will only become time-urgent once SPS goes into advanced engineering development. Some other problems, of somewhat lesser priority, are the following: 5. Heterogeneous chemistry on ice crystals. This is a very difficult and obscure subject. As part of item 3 above, a calculation should be done to see whether the effects would be significant; if so, an experimental program should be considered. 6. NO production on reentry, and its fate. Experimental verification is needed of theoretical predictions of NO generation by reentry vehicles, which have been based mainly on small-scale shock tube and comparable observations. This can readily be achieved from observations of Space Shuttle reentry. Also, the fate of NO produced or injected in the mesosphere is not well understood. 7. Effects of water, hydrogen, and NO injections on the lower inosphere. It should be established to what extent the SPS injections will affect VLF/ELF propagation; if the effects are significant, they should be considered as part of the communications aspect of the SPS Environmental Assessment. 5.4 PROBLEMS INVOLVING ARGON ION INJECTIONS IN THE PLASMASPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE (Carlson and Vondrak) The principal issues are: 1. Fate of Ar+. The problems of beam stopping and the lifetime of the ions need to be resolved. (See Section 4.3.) 2. Ion energization and HZE particles. (HZE = high atomic number of high energyj^ The overall question of ion energization and the production of
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