Acknowledgment............................................iii Executive Summary ..................................... v List of Abbreviations....................................V11 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 1.1 Background...................................... 1 1.2 Objectives and Tasks ............................ 1 1.3 Assumptions .................................... 2 1.4 Methodology .................................... 3 2. SURVEY OF RELEVANT LITERATURE ............................ 3 2.1 General Background Materials .................... 3 2.2 Specialized Materials .......................... 5 3. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF RELEVANT FINDINGS ............... 6 3.1 Geostationary Orbit.......... 6 3.1.1 Physical Nature of Geostationary Orbit ... 6 3.1.2 International Space Law .................... 8 3.1.2.1 International Customary Law .... 9 3.1.2.2 The Outer Space Treaty of 1967.. 10 3.1.3 The 'Bogota Declaration' and Arguments Pro and Con............................ 14 3.1.3.1 The 'Bogota Declaration' ........ 14 3.1.3.2 Arguments Pro and Con...............15 3.1.4 Conclusion..................................19 3.1.5 ITU Instruments..............................20 3.1.5.1 Conclusions ...................... 24 3.2 Microwave Frequency Allocation .................. 27 3.2.1 ITU's Role............................... 2 7 3.2.1.1 Purposes of ITU.................... 28 3.2.1.2 Meaning of 'Telecommunications' . . 29 3.2.1.3 Conclusion ...................... 32 3.3 Microwave Exposure Standard .................... 33 3.3.1 Nature of Microwave Beam.................... 34 3.3.2 Effects of Exposure..........................34 3.3.3 International Aspects ...................... 35 3.3.4 Conclusion..................................36 4. KEY ISSUES, OPTIONS, STRATEGIES AND TIME FRAMES............36 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES .................... 51 5.1 Short-Term Studies ............................. 51 5.2 Long-Term Studies ............................. 52 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................. 64 7. APPENDIX ('Bogota Declaration') ........................
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