| Cover |
1 |
| Title Page |
3 |
| Acknowledgment |
5 |
| Executive Summary |
7 |
| List of Abbreviations |
9 |
| Table of Contents |
11 |
| I. Introduction |
13 |
| 1.1 Background |
13 |
| 1.2 Objective and Tasks |
13 |
| 1.3 Assumptions |
14 |
| 1.4 Methodology |
15 |
| 2. Survey of Relevent Litreature |
15 |
| 2.1 General Background Materials |
15 |
| 2.2 Specialized Materi |
17 |
| 3. Analysis and Evaluation of Relevent Findings |
18 |
| 3.1 Geostationary Orbit |
18 |
| 3.1.1 Physical Nature of Geostationary Orbit |
18 |
| 3.1.2 International Space Law |
20 |
| 3.1.2.1 International Customary L |
21 |
| 3.1.2.2 The. Outer, Space Treaty of 1967 |
22 |
| 3.1.3 The 'Bogota Declaration' and Arguments Pro and Con |
26 |
| 3.1.3.1 The 'Bogota Declaration' |
26 |
| 3.1.3.2 Arguments Pro and Con |
27 |
| 3.1.4 Conclusion |
32 |
| 3.1.5 ITU Instruments |
33 |
| 3.1.5.1. Conclusions |
37 |
| 3.2 Microwave Frequency Allocation |
39 |
| 3.2.1 ITU's Role |
39 |
| 3.2.1.1 Purposes of ITU |
40 |
| 3.2.1.2 Meaning of 'Telecommunication' |
41 |
| 3.2.1.3 Conclusion |
44 |
| 3.3 Microwave Exposure Standards |
45 |
| 3.3.1 Nature of Microwave Beam |
46 |
| 3.3.2 Effects of Exposure |
46 |
| 3.3.3 International Aspects |
47 |
| 3.3.4 Conclusion |
48 |
| 4. Key Issues, Options, Strategies and Time Frames |
48 |
| 4.1 Definitions and Interpretations |
49 |
| 4.2 Claims of Equatorial Countries |
52 |
| 4.3 SPS Development |
56 |
| 4.4 Time Frames |
61 |
| 5. Recommendations for Further Studies |
63 |
| 5.1 Short-Term Studies |
63 |
| 5.2 Long-Term Studies |
64 |
| Footnotes |
67 |
| Bibliography |
77 |
| A. Official Publications -Domestic |
77 |
| 1. Congress |
77 |
| 2. Dept. of Energy |
78 |
| 3. NASA |
78 |
| B. Official Publications - Int'l |
78 |
| International Telecommunication Union |
78 |
| United Nations |
79 |
| C. Books, Monographs, Treatises |
80 |
| D. Articles, Comments, Papers, Reports, Statements, etc. |
82 |
| Appendix |
89 |
| The Bogota Declaration |
89 |
| 1. The geostationary orbit as a natural resource |
89 |
| 2. Sovereignty of equatorial States over the corresponding segments of the geostationary orb |
90 |
| 3. Legal status of the geostationary orbit |
90 |
| 4. Treaty of 1967 |
91 |
| 5. Diplomatic and political action |
92 |