(e.g., ESA and IAF); 2) experience of other international organizations and agencies (e.g., COMSAT, INTELSAT, INMARSAT and IEA); 3) consideration of the world legal and political climate with respect to SPS-related issues. It has been found that while the global need for SPS is not yet well-defined, the primary determinant for European utilization is availability of rectenna sites. Organizationally, governmental management of a domestic effort is preferable. Based on the experience of other organizations, a U.S. attempt to dominate an international enterprise would meet with resistance. A cooperative program could be initiated through the IEA. Means should eventually be established for participation by developing countries. There are several options for promoting greater international participation in an SPS program. This will most likely be an evolutionary process, in view of the time it has taken to negotiate previous international space treaties and establish other international technology development enterprises. However, any international strategy for the SPS would share certain basic goals. These include: 1)building upon existing international contacts, 2) utilizing existing international agencies and agreements, 3) taking cognizance of international concerns and regional needs, 4) encouraging broad foreign participation, 5) promoting international understanding. The conclusions for this issue area are closely related. Foreign participation in SPS development depends upon U. S. willingness to allow international involvement and continuation of an R&D program. The U. S. should not seek substantial control of any international development program as this will adversely affect a number of long-term U. S. interests. Since military uses of an ostensibly civilian SPS cannot be completely eliminated, early clarification of U. S. intentions is desirable. Both threats and vulnerabilities can probably be reduced to acceptable levels by enlisting international participation, especially through creation of an international resident inspection team and other negotiated agreements.
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