Concentrating collector A solar collector that contains reflectors, lenses or other optical elements to concentrate the energy falling onto the aperture onto a heat exchanger of surface area smaller than the aperture. Concentration ratio The amount that light is magnified or intensified by a focusing system. Concentrator cell A solar cell designed to accomodate light power densities much greater than the normal power density of sunlight at the surface of the earth. It can be used with focusing arrangements that increase the power of sunlight hundreds of times. Cost effective Denotes that an expenditure produces a benefit that is proportional or more than proportional to the cost, when compared to a norm or conventional arrangement. Cost payback period Denotes the time required to pay back an initial investment, through profits or cost reductions. Cryogenics The science that deals with the production of very low temperatures and their effects on on the properties of matter. Normally refers to liquified gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and helium. Efficiency, solar cell The ratio of the electrical power output of a solar cell to the solar power that it intercepts. Energy conversion Denotes the changing of any form of energy into another form (i.e., converting sunlight to electricity by using photovoltaic cells). Energy payback period The time required for an energy-producing system to produce the same amount of energy that was consumed in designing and building the system.
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