Fig. 2. SPS Environmental Effects on Space Workers experienced by SPS space workers. Furthermore, although additional potentially adverse effects may be identified in the future, counteracting or ameliorating measures can probably be developed to avoid these effects. The predominant types of ionizing radiation which occur in space are known. The high-energy heavy ions (known as HZE particles) that would be encountered in space are of particular concern. Preliminary calculations made for HZE and other types of predictable ionizing radiation for SPS space workers indicate that radiation doses might exceed current limits recommended by national and international commissions on radiation protection. Unpredictable radiation, from solar storms for example, are also of concern. The risks from ionizing radiation in space could be minimized through carefully-designed shielding for space vehicles, working and living modules, and solar storm shelters. A warning system could be developed to protect workers from excessive, unpredictable space radiation. In addition, special monitoring systems would be necessary to obtain comprehensive, immediate accounts of radiation conditions in places occupied by space workers. Personnel dosimeters with quick readouts also would be required because of differences in
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