1980 Solar Power Satellite Program Review

Cover 1
Title Page 3
Acknowledgment 5
Introduction 6
Solar Power Satellite Acronyms 8
Picture Identification 11
Table of Contents 13
General Sessions 27
An Historic Perspective On The Solar Powere Satellite Concept 27
SPS And The Office of Technology Assessement 34
Opening Remarks (DOE) 35
Opening Remarks (NASA) 36
National Science Foundation Involvement in SPS 37
National Academy of Science Involvements in SPS 38
Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program: The Assessment Process 41
Overview Sessions 47
Overview of Systems Definition Activities for Satellite Solar Power 47
Environmental Assessment Overview 62
Societal Assessment Overview 80
A Comparative Assessment of the Reference Satellite Power System With Selected Current, Near-Term and Advance Energy Technologies 92
An Overview On European Activities 104
SPS Issues: The Need to Look Ahead 114
Systems Definition 117
SPS Overview: Requirements, Alternatives and Reference Systwm 117
Emerging SPS Concepts 121
Integration of SPS WIth Utility System Networks 125
SPS Cost Methodology and Sensitivities 129
SPS Technical Issues 133
Critical Technology Areas Of An SPS Development And The Applicibility of European Technology 135
Environmental Assessment 139
Overview of Atmospheric Effects 139
Ionospheric Disturbance Overview 142
Electromagnetic Compatibility Overview 146
Nonmicrowave Health and Ecological Effects 148
SPS Microwave Health and Ecological Effects - Program Area Overview 150
Societal Assessment 151
An Evaluation of the Land and Material Requirements For The Satellite Power System 151
Societal Assessment - Institutional Issues 155
Societal Assessment - International Issues 159
Public Concerns 161
Comparative Assessment 164
A Methodology For The Comparative Assessment Of The SPS And Alternative Technologies 164
Reference System Characterization And Cost Overview 168
SPS And Alternatie Technologies COst And Performance Evaluations 172
Comparative Health And Safety Assessment Of The SPS And Alternative Electrical Generation Systems 176
Environmental Welfare Comparison 180
Resources / Macroeconomic / Institutional Comparative Assessment 184
Summary: SPS Program Review Friday, 25 April 1980 188
Subsessions 189
Systems Definition 190
Structural Dynamics and Control Subsession 190
SPS Structures and Control: A Perspective 190
SPS Attitude Control And Stationkeeping - Requirements And Tradeoffs 194
Satellite Power Systems Structures - A 1980 Technology Status Review 198
Dynamics and Control of the Satellite POwer System 202
A Modern Control Approach To The Design Of The Satellite Control System 206
Active Control of Deflections In Space Structures 210
The Design of Low-Cost Structures FOr Extensive Ground Arrays 211
SPS Structural Dynamics And Control Workshop: FIndings and REcommendations 215
Transportation Subsession 219
SPS Program Review Transportation Perspective 219
Minimum Cost Critreia For SPS Transportation To GEO 222
Earth-To-Orbit Transportation For Solar Power Satellites 226
Orbit-To-Orbit Transportation 230
Offshore Space Center (Offshore Launch Site) 234
The Applicability Of MPD Thrusters To Satellite Power Systems 236
Satellite Power Systems (SPS) Space Transportation Workshop Summary 240
Open Forum Subsession 242
Technology Alternatives For The SPS 242
Prototype Solar Power Satellite Options 245
Recent Work On Use Of Lunar Materials For SPS Construction 249
A Contribution To The Availability Of Lunar Resources For Powersat Construction 253
Passive Solar Reflector Satellite Revisited 257
Comparison Of Low Earth Orbit And Geosynchronous Earth Orbit 260
The Infrared Alternative 263
Satellite Power System Total Proof-Of-Concept Program 266
Power Conversion Subsession 269
Power Conversion Perspective 269
Gallium Arsenide Power Conversion Concept 272
SPS Silicon Reference System 276
Proton Damage Annealing Kinetics In Silicon Solar Cells 280
A Survey of the Market, Supply and Availability Of Gallium 284
Evaluation Of Solar Cell Materials For A Solar Power Satellite 289
Solar Driven Lasers For Power Satellite Applications 293
Conclusions Of The Huntsville SPS Power Conversion Workshop 297
Power Transmission I Subsession 299
Power Transmission And Reception - An Overview And Perspective 299
Microwave System Preformance Summary 303
Satellite Power System Concept Development And Evaluation Program Critical Supporting Invstigations "Summary" 307
Phase Control Sysem Concepts And Simulations 311
An Interferometer-Based Phase Control System 315
A Power Satellite Sonic Simulator 319
Smaller SPS System Sizing Tradeoffs 323
Construction and Operations Subsession 327
SPS Construction Perspective / Summary 327
Integrated Space Operations Overview 329
Specific Construction Tasks 333
Specific SPS Construction Studies: Construction Tasks-Construction Base 336
Construction Of The SPS Primary Structure By Another Method 342
Specific SPS Construction Studies: Operations and Maintenance 345
SPS Rectenna Array 349
Automated Construction Of Lightweight, Simple, Field-Erected Structures 350
Power Transmission II Subsession 354
Rectenna System Design 354
A Theoretical Study Of Microwave Beam Absorption By A Rectenna 358
Power Amplifiers (Tube) 362
Solid-State Configurations 366
Solid-State Technology 370
Microwave Power Transmission Workshop Summary 371
Offshore Rectenna Feasibility 374
High-Power Microwave Optics For Flexible Power Transmission Systems 378
SPS Power Transmission - Are Multiple Beams A Better Option For Europe? 382
Power Distribution and Management Subsession 385
Electric Power Processing, Distribution, Management and Energy Storage 385
High Voltage Systems (Tube-Type Microwave / Low Voltage System (Solid-State Microwave) Power DIstribution 390
Satellite Power System Operations 394
High Voltage Space Plasma Interactions 398
SPS Power Management Workshop Summary 402
Environmental Assessment 404
Microwave Health and Ecological Effects Subsession 19
Microwave Health And Ecological Effects Overview 403
Study Of Biological And Ecological Effects Of SPS Microwave Power 404
SPS Microwave Effects On Airborne Biota Status Report 408
A Review Of Effcts Of SPS-Related Microwaves On Reporoduction and Teratology 412
Biological Effects Of Chronic Pre- And Post-Natal Exposure of Squirrel Monkeys To SPS Frequency Microwaves 417
Preliminary Planning For Future SPS Microwave Health And Ecology Research And Assssment 421
Ionospheric Disturbance Subsession 425
Simulated D- And E-Region Effects Of The SPS Power Beam 425
Microwave Heating Of The Lower Ionosphere 428
Ionosphere / Microwave Beam Interactions: Arecebo Experimental Results 432
SPS Heating In The Lower Ionosphere, An Experimental View 433
Laboratory And Proposed Ionospheric Experiments On SPS Microwave Instability 435
Electromagnetic Compatibility Subsession 439
Summary Of The Electromagnetic Compatibility Evaluation Of The Proposed Satellite Power System 439
The Effects of A Satellite Power System On Ground-Based Astronomy 444
The EMC Of Satellite Power Systems And DoD C-E Systems 449
Encounters Between SPS Power System Beams And Satellites In Lower Orbits 453
The EMC Impact Of SPS Operations On Low Earth Orbit Satellites 456
The SPS Intreference Problem - Electronic System Effects And Mitigation Techniques 460
Atmospheric Effects I Subsession 464
Atmospheric Effects Overview 464
Rectenna-Related Atmospheric Effects 465
Ground Cloud Air Quality Effects 469
Ground-Cloud-Related Weather Modification Effects 471
Overview of HLLV Effluents In Stratosphere And Above 475
Mesospheric Cloud Formations 477
D- And E-Region Effects 479
Environmental Effects Of SPS: The Middle Atmosphere 483
Non-Microwave Health and Ecological Effects Subsession 485
Sunlight Reflections From A Solar Power Satellite Or Solars Mirrors Should NOt Harm The Eyes 485
Characterization Of Reflected Light From The Space Power System 489
Prototype Environmental Assssment Of The Impacts Of Siting And Construction Of An SPS Ground Receiving Station 494
Effects Of The Space Environment On The Health And Safety Of Space Workers 498
Hazards To Space Workers From Ionizing Radiation In The SPS Environment 500
Late Biological Effects Of Heavy Charged Particles: Cataracts, Vascular Injury And Life Shortening in Mice 502
Atmospheric Effects II Subsession 505
Ionospheric Observations: Archived Data And The HEAO-C Launch 505
The Lagopedo Experiments 508
Ice Formation During Lagepedo Uno 510
Theoretical Investigations Of Ionospheric Modifications Produced By Rocket Exhaust 512
Effects Of Rocket Exhaust Products In The Thremosphere And Ionosphere 514
Plasmaspheric And Magentospheric Effects Of POTV And COTV Effluents 518
Disposition Of SPS Electric Thruster Exhaust 521
Effects Of Argon Ion Injections In The Plasmashpree 526
Societal Assessment 530
International Considerations Subsession 530
On The Military Implications Of Satellite Power Systems 530
Some Aspects Of SPS Acceptability In Europe 532
Strategies For Marshalling International Support For Solar Power Systems 535
Alternative Intrenational Political Reactions To SPS 536
Internationalization Of The SPS: US Policy Issues, Options And Strategies 538
Resources Subsession 541
Satellite Power System Rectenna Siting Study 541
Relationship Of Eligible Areas To Projected Electrical Demand 545
Prototype Societal Assssment Of The Impacts Of Siting And Construction Of An SPS Ground Receiving Station 549
Potential For Reception Of SPS Microwave Enregy At Offshore Rectennas In Western Europe 553
Preliminary SPS Matereials Assessment 555
Public Concerns I Subsession 558
Social Acceptability Of Satellite Power Systems: A Preliminary Exploration 558
Energy Implications Of An Aging Population 560
Concerns Of The Citizens' Enrgy Project About The SPS 564
Concerns Of The L-5 Society About SPS 566
Concerns of FAAST About The SPS 568
A Societal Assessment Of Student Participation In The Evaluation Of The Satellite Power System Concept 572
Institutional Issues Subsession 576
A Study Of Federal Microwave Standards 576
Satellite Power System: Initial Insurance Evaluation 579
Problems And Prospects For An SPS Role In New York State's Energy Future: A Major Case Study Of COncept Viability 580
Satellite Power Systems: The Need For A Detailed Assessment To Develop Feasible management Schems 582
Some Judicial And Regulatory Factors 586
Public Concerns II Subsession 588
A Different Race 588
Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Solar Satellite Power Systems 592
Sources And Nature Of Resistance To Satellite Power System Development 594
Sun Bust, Or Why SPS WIll Never Get Off The Ground 596
Press Perceptions of SPS 598
Institutional Issues II Subsession 599
The Industrial Infrastructure For The Solar Power Satellite 599
Utility System Impacts Of The Satellite Power System 603
Institutional Considerations Of SPS / Utility Integration 605
An Assessment Of SPS Utility Integration Issues Arising From The Distribution Of Eligible Rectenna Sites And Electricity Demand Centers 607
Electric Utility Requirements Affecting Solar Power Satellite Dvelopment ANd Deplyment 611
Comparative Assessment 613
Contributed Papers Subsession 613
The Power Satellite: Toward Which Energy Crisis? 613
Economic Potential Of SPS 617
SPS Salvage And Disposal Alternatives 621
The Satellite Power Station And Non-Cost Uncretainty Aspects Of Risk 623
SPS: Their Findings And Macroeconomic Effects 626
Comparative Environmental and Societal Evaluations Subsession 630
Resource Comparisons (Land, Water and Materials) 630
Macroeconomic / Socioeconomic Comparisons Of SPS And Altrenative Enregy Technologies 633
Environmental Welfare Effects Evaluation 635
Climate And Energy: A Comparative Assessment Of SPS And ALternative Energy Technologies 636
Research Of The Use Of Solar Energy In The Development Of Engineering Thermophysics, China University Of Science And Technology 637
Cost and Performance I: Characterization and Audit Subsession 641
SATELLITE POWER SYSTEM COST REVIEW 641
CRITICAL REVIEW OF SATELLITE POWER SYSTEMS (SPS) SPACE TRANSPORTATION COST ESTIMATES 645
UTILITIES VIEW OF SPS 648
ALTERNATIVE ADVANCED POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY CHARACTERIZATIONS 650
Cost and Performance II: Cost and Performance Evaluations Subsession 654
Altrenative Future Enregy Price / Demand Scenarios 654
Uncertainty In Enregy Cost Comparisons 658
Authors Index 663
Glossary 681
Attendees List 691

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