TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE ............................................................... Page 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................... 1 1 MICROWAVE HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS........................... 3 2 OTHER EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT....................... 9 2.1 Effects on the Public ........................................ 10 2.1.1 Impacts of Conventional Processes..................... 10 2.1.2 Unconventional Effects ............................... 13 2.2 Effects on Terrestrial Workers............................... 18 2.2.1 Impacts of Conventional Processes..................... 19 2.2.2 Unconventional Effects ............................... 20 2.3 Effects on Space Workers...................................... 20 2.3.1 Weightlessness ........................................ 21 2.3.2 Life Support .......................................... 22 2.3.3 Radiation.............................................. 22 2.4 Effects on the Environment.................................... 23 3 EFFECTS ON THE ATMOSPHERE.......................................... 25 3.1 Microwave and Rectenna-Related Effects in the Troposphere . . 28 3.2 Nonmicrowave Atmospheric Effects above 60 km................. 30 3.3 Nonmicrowave Effects in the Stratosphere/Mesosphere ........ 32 4 EFFECTS ON COMMUNICATIONS.......................................... 33 4.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility ............................... 33 4.1.1 Methodology............................................ 33 4.1.2 State of Knowledge .................................... 35 4.1.3 Preliminary Assessment ............................... 36 4.1.4 Conclusions and Recommendations....................... 42 4.2 Ionospheric Heating and Vehicle Effluent Effects............ LIST OF FIGURES 44 1.1 Exposure of Humans and Ecosystems to Microwave Energy from the Satellite Power System ................................. 4 1.2 Possible Human Health Effects from SPS Microwaves............... 5 1.3 Possible Ecological Effects from SPS Microwaves................. 6 2.1 Nonmicrowave Effects of SPS on the Public....................... 10 2.2 SPS Material Requirements........................................ 11 2.3 SPS Environmental Impacts........................................ 12 2.4 Recommended Maximum Launch-Related Air Pollutant Concentrations. 15 2.5 Maximum Allowable Concentrations of Propellants in Water . . . . 16
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