antenna; also make similar studies of the energy balance of typical sites. 2. Conduct model simulations on the mesoscale and "cloud scale" in nonsevere and severe weather situations of the effects of differential heating, evaporation and friction caused by the SPS rectenna. 3. Develop statistics at representative sites giving storm frequencies, dimensions, as well as rainfall and hail intensities and their spatial extents to help in communication studies. 4. Conduct studies using available data to estimate the effects of jet stream turbulence on the propagation of microwave radiation from the SPS satellite. Statistics on the frequency, extent and intensity of high level refractivity turbulence should be assembled. 5. Estimate the frequency of large humidity variations across stable layers in various geographical areas including coastal and continental areas. 6. Develop a research program to determine the meteorological variations in the atmosphere volume above the rectenna caused by tropospheric absorption and rectenna heating and associated interactions. 7. Consider the implications of changing to frequencies in the 10 GHz to 30 GHz range. 8. Determine those atmospheric conditions which would produce the maximum beam spreading and wandering and calculate the degree of bending. Do similar worst-case studies for Doppler shift. Determine the effects on the atmosphere and earth if the beam is displaced from the rectenna. 9. Conduct studies of microwave absorption in large storm situations to determine whether there are any significant effects on storm behavior. 10. Use existing or planned synchronous communication satellites and existing ground-based receiving stations to extract basic signal characteristics, with ground based coherent S-band radars acting as sensors of atmospheric structure. 11. Improve the existing data base regarding thunderstorms, such as frequency, location and intensity in order to determine the modifying effects on thunderstorms by the rectenna. Since important data regarding thunderstorms exist in Switzerland and South Africa, comparative studies should be made and results extrapolated
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