Table 2.9. (Cont'd) Group Effect Probability3 Severityk Impact Based on State of Knowledge Proposed R&D Mitigating Strategies Space Weightlessness Workers Immune System Changes 2 2 Possible increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Review of NASA findings- research on ways to challenge immune system. Possibly challenge immune system of workers periodically . Anemia 2 2 Possible reduced efficiency, illness, residual effects on return to earth. Review of NASA’s findings and on-going research. Pursue recommend research. Stimulate red cell production hormones? Plasma Volume Reduction 2 2 Possible biochemistry, physical changes, work inefficiency, possible illness. Review NASA Findings and research Unknown Calcium depletion in bone-calcium excretion 2 2 Possible bone fragility and/or kidney calculi Diet changes, hormone therapy. Muscle Tissue Loss- Nitrogen Loss 2 2 Decreased work efficiency residual problems on return tests. Exercise, diet modification. Fluid and electrolyte Changes 2 2 Illness. II Unknown. Cardiovascular System Abnormalities 2 2 Illness, decreased efficiency, fatality Unknown. Space motion sickness, spacial disorientation, etc. 2 2 Inefficiency, illness II Unknown. Radiation Exposure 2 2 May cause cancer, damage to central nervous system, genetic effects, visual damage, etc. Peer review of literature and current research. Research based on recommendations of peer review. Limit time spent in space. Provide best shielding available. System Emergencies 2 2 Not vet assessed. Emergency Medical/Dental Problems 2 2 Illness, fatality. Review systems design of facilities for adequacy. Adequate medical and dental facilities. High acceleration/Decelera- tion Effects 2 2 Not yet assessed. Extra Vehicular Activity Hazards 2 2 Not yet assessed. Extended Confinement 2 2 Illness-may limit time spent in space. Review literature on problems of confinement. Recreational facilities in space vehicle Thermal Extremes 2 2 No assessment pending systems definition. Plasma Arcing 2 2 Not yet assessed. High Intensity Electro- Magnetic Field Effects 2 2 Not yet assessed.
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