2.7.4 Ecological Effects .................................... 59 2.8 Reference Documents.......................................... 59 Appendix 2A»Nonmicrowave Health and Safety Effects Research Program. 63 3 EFFECTS ON THE ATMOSPHERE......................................... 67 3.1 Scope..................................................... 68 3.2 Methodology................................................. 71 3.3 Cause and Effect Relationships............................... 72 3.4 State of Knowledge............................. 72 3.4.1 Upper Atmosphere, Nonmicrowave Effects ................ 72 3.4.1.1 Vehicle Effluent Effects....................... 73 3.4.1.2 Other Effects ................................ 81 3.4.2 Troposphere - Microwave Related Effects................ 85 3.4.3 Stratosphere, Nonmicrowave Effects ..................... 86 3.5 Research Plan and Alternatives............................... 92 3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations............................. 92 3.6.1 Upper Atmospheric, Nonmicrowave Effects................ 92 3.6.2 Troposphere - Microwave Related Effects................ 97 3.6.3 Stratosphere and Mesosphere, Nonmicrowave Effects. . . . 100 3.7 References...................................................... 102 Appendix 3A. Highlights of August 23-28, 1978, Workshop on Atmospheric Effects of Rectenna Operation.................105 3A.1 Rectenna Waste Heat Effects...............................106 3A.2 Microwave Propagation Effects.............................107 Appendix 3B, Atmospheric Effects Program Plan........................ 113 4 EFFECTS ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS .................................. 121 4.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility ................................ 122 4.1.1 Scope....................................................122 4.1.2 Methodology..............................................122 4.1.3 Cause and Effect Relationships ....................... 124 4.1.4 State of Knowledge......................................127 4.1.5 Research Plan and Alternatives..........................130 4.1.6 Preliminary Assessment..................................135 4.1.6.1 Range Instrumentation ........................ 143 4.1.6.2 Operational Systems .......................... 145 4.1.7 Conclusions and Recommendations..........................146 4.1.8 Reference Documents......................................148 4.2 Ionospheric Heating and Launch Vehicle Effluent Effects .... 149 4.2.1 Background..............................................149 4.2.2 Methodology..............................................150 4 . 2.2.1 Ionosphere Heating.............................. 150 4 .2.2.2 Vehicle Effluent Effects........................ 151 4.2.3 Cause and Effect Relationships..........................153 4.2.3.1 Ionosphere Heating.............................. 154 4.2.3.2 Vehicle Effluent Effects........................ 155 4.2.4 State of Knowledge......................................155 4.2.4.1 Ionosphere Heating.............................. 155 4.2.4.2 Vehicle Effluent Effects........................ 156
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