and covering an area 2000 km in diameter (see Fig. 3.5). The principal reactions responsible for the rapid and large-scale loss of the plasma were reported by the authors to be 0+ + H2 -> 0H+ + H and 0+ + h2o H20+ + 0, where H2 and H2 0 are the principal exhaust constituents of the LH2/L02 Saturn V engines, and 0+ is the dominant ionic species in the F2 region (above 150 km). The most important feature of these reactions is that they are much Fig. 3.4. Geometry of the Skylab launch and ray paths to ATS-3 and ATS-5 from several sites in North America. For each station-satellite path, an asterisk marks the 420-km ionospheric point, and tick marks are placed at the 1000- and 2000-km altitude points along the ray path. The small squares mark the locations of ground-based ionosonde installations. (Diagram and caption from Ref. 3.4)
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