TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 .0 SUMMARY 1 2 .0 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 3 2.1 BACKGROUND 3 2.2 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION 5 3 .0 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 7 3.1 REFLECTANCE OF VEHICLES 7 3.1.1 Reflection Analysis 7 3.1.2 Structure Characteristics 9 3.1.2.1 Description of Spacecraft Elements 3.1.2.2 Reflection Qualities of Materials 33 3.1.3 Ground Illumination 41 3.1.3.1 Geometrical Considerations 41 3.1.3.2 Irradiance Levels 43 3.2 SKY BRIGHTNESS 56 4 .0 CONCLUSIONS AND-RECOMMENDATIONS 64 5 .0 REFERENCES 69 Appendix A. Computer Code for Vector Rotations 70 Appendix B. Radiant Quantities and Units 71
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