Fig. 4.31 Total Quantified Construction and O&M Fatalities per 1000 MW-yr of which are uncertain. The O&M occupational risks of the advanced fusion, SPS, and centralized terrestrial photovoltaic systems have no historical basis and are projected from conventional risk levels for existing similar occupations and estimates of the number of O&M employees required.5*52 Public Risks of the Operation and Maintenance Phase. The largest O&M-phase public risks quantified for this study are those related to the coal technologies, and these are almost entirely due to coal transport accidents (0.8-1.9 fatalities/1000 MW-yr) and air pollutants (4.6-75 fatalities/1000 MW-yr). The estimates for air pollutant impacts include long-range transport, and the uncertainty range is based on a 60% confidence level for incidence rates of health effects (adapted from Ref. 56). It should be noted that a similar procedure using 90% confidence levels for air pollutant dose-response gives a range including zero impact. Low levels of public impact (less than 0.1 fatality/1000 MW-yr) can be attributed to normal O&M of the fission and fusion systems, and these impacts are primarily due to low-level radiation, which has a high uncertainty level. The quantified public impacts from O&M for the SPS and the TPV system are negligible. Unquantified Health and Safety Issues. In contrast to the apparent willingness of the public to accept known limited risks of energy systems, recent experience with light water fission systems indicates that perceived major risks that are less quantifiable or predictable may restrict or completely halt energy system deployment if adequate assurances of very low
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