4.2.4 Cost Comparisons...........................................74 4.2.5 Cost Sensitivity Analysis.................................79 4.2.6 Comparative Cost Uncertainty...............................87 4.3 Health and Safety................................................94 4.3.1 Introduction...............................................94 4.3.2 Methodology...............................................94 4.3.3 Discussion of Results.....................................97 4.4 Environmental Welfare Effects ................................. 112 4.4.1 Introduction.............................................. 112 4.4.2 Comparative Impacts ..................................... 113 4.4.3 Generation of Air Pollution..............................121 4.4.4 Climatic Changes Due to Air Pollution....................123 4.4.5 Thermal Discharges and Resulting Climatic Change..........124 4.4.6 Water Pollution..........................................125 4.4.7 Water Use Changes........................................125 4.4.8 Generation of Solid Waste ............................... 126 4.4.9 Land Use Changes..........................................127 4.4.10 Noise Generation.......................................... 127 4.4.11 Electromagnetic Disturbances..............................128 4.4.12 Radioactive Emissions ................................... 128 4.4.13 Microwave Radiation .................................... 129 4.4.14 Aesthetic Disturbances....................................129 4.5 Resources....................................................... 129 4.5.1 Land...................................................... 130 4.5.2 Materials................................................ 137 4.5.3 Energy.................................................... 137 4.5.4 Water.................................................... 142 4.5.5 Labor.................................................... 144 4.6 Macroeconomic and Socioeconomic Issues............................ 146 4.6.1 Introduction.............................................. 146 4.6.2 Macroeconomic Analysis....................................147 4.6.3 Socioeconomic Comparisons ............................... 157 4.7 Institutional Issues............................................. 158 4.7.1 Introduction.............................................. 158 4.7.2 Comparison of Present Regulatory Schemes..................159 4.7.3 Regulatory Trends ....................................... 167 4.7.4 Summary.................................................. 168 5 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSIONS .............................................. 169 5.1 Introduction..................................................... 169 5.2 Side-by-Side Conclusions......................................... 169 5.3 Alternative Futures Conclusions of the Comparative Assessment . . 177 5.4 Concluding Remarks............................................... 182 REFERENCES................................................................183
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