estimated to total approximately $52 million (expressed at "real" rates in January 1978 dollars). Annual operating and maintenance expenses are estimated to be $23.5 million, representing $5.7 million for the payroll, $4.8 million for disposal of residues, and $5.0 million for acid-gas removal supplies. Other components of O&M are materials, supplies, and interim replacements, which contribute $7.1 million, and administrative and general expenses, estimated at $0.9 million. Based on an annual plant capacity factor of 0.7, the annual cash expenditures amount to 3.06 mills per kilowatt hour. 3.3.3 Combined-Cycle Power Plant with Low-Btu Gasifiers (CG/CC) Capital costs and annual expenses were based on a 1975 Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS)^^ reference plant of 579-MW capacity. As a reference system, the unit was updated to 1978 dollars, general facilities were segregated, and processing segments were exponentially scaled to 625 MW with two units on one site making up the total facility. Appropriate adjustments were made to substitute the reference eastern bituminous coal and more rigorous emission standards. Direct capital costs are $537.4 million. Indirect capital costs, $132.7 million or 24.7%, were derived from data presented on a 630-MW coal gasification facility found in the Energy Economic Data Base (EEDB).22 a comparison was made summarily to validate this match-up by comparing ECAS with EEDB indirect costs for plants with identical capacity (of a different type). The indirect construction costs for the two units total $132.7 million, with a breakdown of 60% for construction service, 22% for home-office engineering, and 18% for field engineering. A construction contingency at 9% of the cumulative expenditures was added, resulting in installed facilities amounting to $730.4 million in 1978 dollars. Owners' costs of $66.5 million and an Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC) over the seven-year construction period of $65.1 million yield a capital requirement for the 1250-MW CG/CC of $862 million, or $689.60 per installed kilowatt. Of the estimated operating and maintenance expenses of $20.66 million, materials, supplies, expenses, and interim replacements contribute 47%. The 336-person staff accounts for $7.4 million, and related administrative and general costs are $1.2 million. Environmental control costs are estimated to be $2.3 million/yr, principally for disposal of dry solid wastes. The total contribution of environmental control expenditures to energy cost, at the 70% plant capacity factor, is 2.70 mills per kilowatt hour. 3.3.4 Light Water Reactor (LWR) A 1139-MW system was changed to the reference 1250-MW design by use of conventional capacity-rat io exponential factors used by the electric industry for various segments of the plant. This method yielded an estimate for installed plant cost, in 1978 dollars, of $485.9 million. Indirect construction costs for the nuclear plant were estimated to be $197.1 million, or some 40.6% of the installed equipment. These indirect construction costs
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