included construction services ($75.0 million), home-office engineering ($91.2 million), and field engineering ($30.8 million). An allowance for contingent expenditures amounting to 8% of the cumulative subtotal yields a combined plant investment of $737.7 million. Owners' costs of 9.3% and interest during construction (IDC) computed on a 12-year construction cycle result in overall capital requirements of $890.2 million in 1978 dollars. Annual expenditures for operation and maintenance total $16.9 million, or 2.31 mills per kWh of net production. Materials, supplies, expenses, and interim replacements contribute 57% (1.32 mills) to these costs, with staff costs (including administration and general) at 0.83 mills and the balance accruing to inspection fees, special insurance, and amortized decommissioning expenses. 3.3.5 Liquid-Metal, Fast-Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) The basic plant cost estimate, in 1978 dollars, for a 1390-MW LMFBR unit, which was prepared by United Engineers and Constructors for the EEDB,22 was downscaled by the appropriate capacity ratio exponents to the 1250-MW reference size for a total of $702.9 million in direct construction costs. Because of safety and inspection requirements, indirect construction costs amount to $262.6 million, for a total facility cost of $965.5 million. A project contingency at 11% was deemed reasonable for this technology, resulting in a plant investment totalling $1071.7 million in 1979 dollars. Owners' costs over the 12-year construction period are estimated at more than $93 million, and during the lengthy period, IDC will accumulate to 11.3% of the cumulative subtotal, even at the reduced "real" cost of utility capital. Annual non-fuel operating expenses amount to 2.96 mills per annual kWh of net production, and total $22.7 million. Materials, supplies, expenses, and interim replacements account for 64%; staff, 22%; administrative and general, 9.2%; and the balance (insurance, inspection fees, and allocated decomissioning expenses), approximately 4.8%. 3.3.6 Fusion Reactor (NUWMAK) The direct capital costs for the magnetically confined fusion facility presented in the NUWMAK report^ were adjusted to a different average labor rate for consistency with the LWR and LMFBR data. Unlike the procedure in past assessments, in this assessment design allowances for unproven technology appropriate for this system were incorporated in the equipment accounts to eliminate the customary omissions in conceptual design. Direct capital costs for the entire two-unit facility are estimated at $1.5332 billion (in 1978 dollars) over the staged construction period of 10 years, which includes eight years per unit with a two-year lag between construction starts. Indirect costs for the reference system have been adjusted upward from those contained in the NUWMAK report (41% vs. 35%) for consistency with the EEDB boiling water reactor plant, and thus amount to $628.6 million. Reflecting the project uncertainties and status of technology development, a project contingency of 18% is applied to the subtotal for a total plant investment of $2,551 billion. The combination of design allowance, increased indirect costs and higher contingency rate may seem to escalate the final cost more than for the other
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