- For microwaves, the most critical aspect is being able to control a microwave beam distorted by non-linear space plasma interactions in low Earth orbit. As a result, this mandates a microwave space experiment at high power levels. - For lasers, plasma interactions are not a concern, hence, low power levels can be used. Precise tracking and beam pointing over enormous distances is the primary requirement for an initial laser experiment. However, many of these requirements are enveloped by the current SILEX intraspace communications experiment planned for launch on Artemis. As a result, it could prove preferable not to embark on a laser ASAP demonstrator (although more detailed analysis would be required) but, instead, to focus on the development of a high-efficiency/light- weight/high-power laser system in preparation for later advanced demonstrator activities. • Throughout the course of the launcher and platform evaluation, it was deemed that the German Astro-SPAS platform would be the most suitable option for an advanced demonstrator programme with a 2002-2005 launch date. Although dependent on the Shuttle and restricted to a mission length of about one week, it would be significantly less expensive than building a dedicated spacecraft and launching it on Ariane 5 or another expendable launcher. In addition, as current US Powersat efforts seem to be moving in the direction of a Shuttle-launched free-flyer option, Astro-SPAS could be offered as a suitable platform for an international cooperative or participatory programme. • The Astro-SPAS advanced demonstrator would be for either a microwave or laser experiment. The microwave demonstrator would essentially be a subscale version of an operational Powersat, demonstrating orbital control concepts for close formation orbiting. (Figure 6) A full-scale rectenna would
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