beneficial and peaceful uses of the environment. Thus, Articles 1, 3, 9, 10, and 13 make reference to the exploration and use. Article 2 refers only to use. Article 4, paragraph 2, orovides that only the Moon and celestial bodies shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. The term "outer space" is not included in the requirement to use for peaceful purposes. The same paragraph also states that "the use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes shall not be prohibited." Articles 9 and 11 refer to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. Another major theme of the 1967 Treaty is that of scientific investigation so that benefits might be derived from the activities and uses of the environment. Conversely, such investigations was not to result in harms to the environment. Thus, Articles 1, 4, 5, and 9 deal with the affirmative role of science and technology in the space environment. Article 1, paragraph 3, provides that there shall be freedom of scientific investigation in the space environment and that international cooperation shall be encouraged in this endeavor. Article 4 allows for scientific research on the Moon and celestial bodies. Article 4 by prohibiting the use of nuclear and mass destruction weapons in the space environment allows for effective scientific investigation and research. Article 5 facilitates use and research by requiring the reporting of phenomena, including presumably scientific information, which could constitute a danger to the life or health of astronauts. Another major theme of the Principles Treaty relates to the avoidance of harmful contamination and the need to conduct space activities in such a manner as to give due regard to the corresponding interests of other States.
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