4. Based on the Reference System (estimated 400 rem from ten missions), dose to space workers from low-LET bremstrahlung approaches the cataractogenic level for man. The appropriate quality factor of the HZE particle portion of the dose is unknown at this time. If its Q is greater than 20, the cataract hazard may be significant. More information is needed about the cataractogenic risk of exposure to high—LET radiations. 5. With adequate information on the radiation environment, with well-designed areas protected from the increased levels during solar particle events, and in the absence of a radiation accident or some other unexpected situations (e.g., nuclear detonation), there will be no early or acute radiation health effects occurring in the SPS worker population. 6. No other radiation health effects are considered to be of sufficient consequence to be important for risk estimation. RECOMMENDATIONS The SPS Committee strongly emphasizes the need to reduce the uncertainties in the evaluation of radiation health risks to SPS workers in the space environment. It recommends that the following be carried out to achieve this goal: 1. A radiation environment model, appropriate to this SPS mission, should be developed for study and simulation. The model should include short-term and solar-cycle variations. The short-term variations of the radiation dose rate in space must be better understood so that the range of doses and dose rates to be expected can be established accurately. 2. An instrumented research satellite should be placed in GEO to measure absorbed dose rate and particle spectra at depth in phantoms and to measure the temporal variations of the radiation field. 3. The differences in the results of dose and dose-rate estimation obtained from the shielding transport codes must be evaluated. The use of different calculational methods with the same set of assumptions should yield the same results. 4. When institutional decisions have been made to develop appropriate exposure strategies, engineering decisions for dose control should then be made. 5. Radiation shielding of transport vehicles, work stations, habitats, and space suits should be designed to achieve minimal radiation exposure levels. The use of laminar layering, where
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