5.2 Organizational Structure...........................................................................................87 5.2.2 Management Structure................................................................................ 88 5.3 Legal Framework..................................................................................................... 93 5.3.1 Some Legal Aspects Of Outer Space......................................................... 93 5.3.2 The Utilization Of Earth Orbits And Radio Frequency Spectrum............. 96 5.3.3 Technology Transfer & Intellectual Property............................................. 98 5.3.4 Some Responsibility And Liability Issues ................................................. 99 5.3.5 Insurance......................................................................................................101 5.3.6 Dispute Resolution.......................................................................................101 5.3.7 Schedule...........................................................................................................103 5.4 Security Issues...........................................................................................................105 5.4.1 Technology Transfer....................................................................................106 5.4.2 Increasing Vulnerability and Interdependency............................................ 106 5.4.3 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................107 5.5 External Relations.................................................................................................... 108 5.5.1 External Relations with Governments, Industry and Int'l Organizations... 108 5.5.2 Coordination with the Scientific Community..............................................Ill 5.5.3 General Public............................................................................................ 115 References.............................................................................................................................124 6 Environmental and Safety Issues..........................................................................................125 6.1 Effects of Transmission of Energy...........................................................................125 6.1.1 Propagation of the Beam through the Atmosphere..................................... 125 6.1.2 Electromagnetic Effects on Biota.................................................................128 6.1.3 Interference with Electronic Devices...........................................................138 6.2 Satellite Construction Effects....................................................................................140 6.2.1 Launch Support Industry Effects..................................................................140 6.2.2 Launch Effects..............................................................................................140 6.2.3 On-Orbit Construction Effects.....................................................................143 6.2.4 Lunar Operation Effects...............................................................................151 6.3 Rectenna Effects........................................................................................................153 6.3.1 Construction.................................................................................................153 6.3.2 Climate and Socio-Economic Modification.................................................154 6.4 Security and Maintenance.........................................................................................155 6.5 Planning and Scheduling...........................................................................................156 References.............................................................................................................................159 7 Power Systems......................................................................................................................163 7.1 Solar to Electric Conversion......................................................................................163 7.1.1 Photovoltaics................................................................................................163 7.1.2 Solar Dynamic Systems...............................................................................168 7.1.3 Comparison of Photovoltaics with Solar Dynamic Systems....................... 177 7.1.4 New Technologies........................................................................................178 7.2 Power Transmission..................................................................................................184 7.2.1 Microwave Transmission.............................................................................184 7.2.2 Laser.............................................................................................................198 7.3 Receiver Location..................................................................................................... 205 7.4 Power Systems for Demonstrations..........................................................................209 References.............................................................................................................................210 8 Space Transportation............................................................................................................ 213 8.1 Operational Space Transportation Systems...............................................................213 8.1.1 Review and Analysis of Earth To Orbit Launchers................................... 213 8.1.2 Piggy-back Options & Small Launch Vehicles.......................................... 217 8.2 Review and Analysis of Upper Stages/Orbital Transfer Vehicles........................... 222 8.2.1 Definitions....................................................................................................222 8.2.2 Present Status of Upper Stages/OTV's....................................................... 224 8.2.3 OTV Analysis.............................................................................................. 224 8.2.4 Future In-Orbit Vehicles............................................................................. 226 8.3 Space Transportation Systems Under Development................................................ 229 8.4 Previous Studies...................................................................................................... 231 8.4.1 Satellite Power System (SPS) Reference Concept Description.................. 232 8.4.2 Space Transportation Systems (STS) Studied............................................. 232
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