8.4.3 Previous Heavy Launchers................................................................... 238 8.5 Future Space Transportation Systems......................................................................240 8.5.1 What is insufficient with today's Space Transportation infrastructure ?....240 8.5.2 Personnel Transport.....................................................................................241 8.5.3 Priority Cargo..............................................................................................244 8.5.4 Bulk.............................................................................................................245 8.6 Technology Assumptions.........................................................................................245 8.6.1 Metallized Propellants.................................................................................246 8.6.2 Lightweight Upper Stages...........................................................................246 8.6.3 High Energy Density Propellants................................... 247 8.6.4 Aerobrake/Aerocapture...............................................................................247 8.6.5 Air Breathing Propulsion............................................................................247 8.6.6 Slush Hydrogen........................................................................................... 248 8.6.7 In-Situ Propellants....................................................................................... 248 8.6.8 Mass Drivers................................................................................................248 8.6.9 Gun Propulsion............................................................................................248 8.6.10 Laser Propulsion..........................................................................................248 8.6.11 Nuclear Thermal Propulsion.......................................................................248 8.6.12 Materials...................................................................................................... 249 8.6.13 Mission Applications..................................................................................250 8.7 Lunar Transportation............................................................................................... 251 8.7.1 Conventional Chemical LO2/LH2 Propulsion........................................... 251 8.7.2 Electric Propulsion......................................................................................253 8.7.3 Nuclear Thermal Propulsion.......................................................................255 8.7.4 Mass Driver.................................................................................................256 8.8 Scheduling.... ........................................................................................................... 256 8.9 Conclusions.............................................................................................................. 257 References............................................................................................................................ 258 9 Space Manufacturing, Construction, & Operations................................................................. 259 9.1 A Matter of scale......................................................................................................259 Problems on Earth.................................................................................................... 260 The Lunar Solution.................................................................................................. 260 9.2 Structures.................................................................................................................. 261 9.2.1 Modeling.....................................................................................................261 9.2.2 Control.........................................................................................................263 9.3 Construction/Assembly Operations.........................................................................267 9.3.1 Construction of Erectable Structures..........................................................267 9.3.2 Deployable Structures.................................................................................272 9.3.3 Schedule Issues for Deployable and Assembled Structures........................276 9.4 Non-Terrestrial Resource Utilization.......................................................................277 9.4.1 Lunar Resources..........................................................................................277 9.4.2 Other Non-terrestrial Resources..................................................................279 9.4.3 Non-terrestrial Resources Development Program Schedule....................... 280 9.5 In-Space Manufacturing........................................................................................... 283 9.5.1 Lunar Manufacturing..................................................................................283 9.5.2 In-Space Manufacturing..............................................................................284 9.5.3 Schedule Issues for Space Manufacturing Technology..............................284 10 Design Examples.................................................................................................................291 10.1 Near-Term Earth to Space........................................................................................291 10.1.1 Facilities......................................................................................................291 10.1.2 Orbital Considerations.................................................................................293 10.1.3 Mission Objectives...................................................................................... 295 10.1.4 Vehicle Configuration.................................................................................296 10.2 Space to Space Demonstration................................................................................. 301 10.2.1 Mission Objectives...................................................................................... 301 10.2.2 Mission Scenario................................................................•........................ 301 10.2.3 System Level Design.................................................................................. 303 10.2.4 System Budgets and Scheduling.................................................................315 10.2.5 Conclusions................................................................................................. 319 References.............................................................................................................................321 10.3 Space to Earth Demonstration.................................................................................. 322
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