Other Considerations Epidemiological Studies Two studies of microwave irradiated population have statistically shown no effect of low power microwave on the rate of death, disease and health (US Navy soldiers irradiated continuously by radar and staff in the American embassy in Moscow). The epidemiological study is effective in studying the effect of low power microwave. But in many cases, it is difficult to identify the detailed condition such as irradiation level and duration. [Information directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, 1978 / Silverman, 1980] Electromagnetic Effects on Biota of the Antarctic Continent If the power were beamed to the Antarctic Continent, as suggested in a demonstration, the environmental impacts specific to that location should be considered. The inner part of the Antarctic Continent is said to be the most sterilized land on the Earth though there are various biota and eccentric biome on the shore line around it. Therefore, we have two subject to be considered on the usage of the Antarctic Continent for the rectenna site. One is the preservation of the ecological system on the shore line, the other is the preservation of the sterility of the inner continent. The biome on the shore line of the Antarctic Continent is composed of many unique living organisms which have evolved to adapt to the low temperature of the region. For them, even a slight additional energy input such as excess heat flow from the rectenna site may be destructive. Therefore, large scale rectenna facilities should not be constructed near the shore line of the Antarctic Continent. There is no biological problem in the inner part of the Antarctic Continent if we consider only the existing biome. But we must notice the possibility that the existence of spilling of energy from the rectenna site may create a new biome there. Even one short period of high temperature (as warm as the shore line region) per year is enough to create an ecological system composed of blue green algae and molds. And there is at least one reason to preserve the sterility of the inner region. Because of the sterility, the Antarctic Continent is now a treasure house of biologically unpolluted scientific specimens such as meteorites, ancient rock samples, and ancient air trapped in the ice. In some research, the organic pollution caused by the biological activity is very serious. Therefore, large scale rectenna facilities which can make the partial climate as warm as the shore area should not be constructed in the inner part of the Antarctic Continent. 6.1.3 Interference with Electronic Devices As we know, electromagnetic waves bring with them electric and magnetic fields, and these fields can of course affect electrical devices. The mechanisms that are involved when a microwave interferes with electronic devices are varied and complex. An obvious way interference can occur is when a receiver antenna is operating in the same frequency band as the microwave, the microwave will dominate the output from the antenna network. Communication signals are usually of very low power. A power beam would represent many orders of magnitude larger signal than a communication signal. Even a small percentage power refraction from a power beam can represent a blackout for a low powered communication system. This kind of interference can occur at low power levels. At higher power levels other mechanisms can occur. TV and radio that operates in at frequencies many megahertz from the beam frequency can also be affected. [Juroshek & Steele, 1981] Microwaves can interfere through the chassis and be a source of noise in RF sensitive circuits like mixers, IF amplifiers and detectors. Laboratory tests of TV's have been done in GHz microwave fields, and antenna interference is in this case secondary. High power interference like this (typically occur at interference levels above 10'3 mW/cm2) can also make trouble for other devices. Cardiac pacemakers have been known to be susceptible to high level microwaves, and are prime subjects for a study of compatibility with the solar power satellite power beam. Manufacturers have worked to harden such devices against those sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that users might encounter, so their susceptibility thresholds are increasing
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