interference to these services have been developed by the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) [Davis et al.]. Harmful spectral flux densities have been established as reasonable and measurable quantities. At an area surrounding the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, USA, a National Radio Quiet Zone has been established. Within this area it is intended to only allow radio transmitters with lower power fluxes than 10'17W/m2. A fractionally small portion of power not collected by the rectenna could here make problems. Also thermal emissions from large warm satellites may have an effect. In addition to radio interference, a large satellite would also reflect sunlight, and be a bright object in the sky, and in that way introduce noise to optical astronomy. 6.2 Satellite Construction Effects 6.2.1 Launch Support Industry Effects To construct Solar Power Satellites on orbit, a number of heavy lift launch vehicles (HLLV) will be required. Therefore, industrial activities in space business will have to increase in a high rate. It will result in an expansion of launch vehicle manufacturer's factories and increase of worker's employment opportunity. One assumption has been made on the amount of HLLV to construct one Solar Power Satellite which according to NASA/DOE would have been made sixty in number. [Iwamoto and Sagawa, 1982], From this report, you need ten launches of HLLV every day. If we assume that one launch complex will be able to launch a HLLV every 10 day (even this frequency would be difficult to be realized), construction of 100 launch centers would be necessary. Unlike the other industrial or social activities of mankind, i.e., automobile manufacturers, shipbuilders, chemical industries etc., the influence of such facilities on the near by area would be tremendous. We will show one rude calculation. Thrust power HLLV will be 500 times as Hl rocket Reasonably thinking, the area of HLLV launch complex must be 500 times large as Tanegashima, the world smallest launch center. In addition, to avoid the disasters of launch failure, the complexes have to be located by the beach or in the desert. Therefore, to obtain the land suitable for the construction of the complex must be greatly hard. Moreover, enormous compensatory cost for fishermen would be inevitable. In conclusion, such a plan is unrealistic from the view point of launch support industry effects. 6.2.2 Launch Effects Effects on the Atmosphere The development of a large scale space solar satellite project will necessitate a considerable number of launches. In the case of a solar power satellite using only terrestrial material, this number might be in the hundreds of launches of the heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) per year for many years. The use of lunar material might reduce the number considerably, but it will remain quite high due to the development of lunar facilities. As the global impact of launches on the environment might be comparable in magnitude to the effect of beaming, it's effects on the atmosphere must be assessed. The effect of a single launch of a present day launcher is fairly well known and somewhat negligible on the global scale. On the other hand, the effects of frequent launches has consequences which are quite difficult to assess, due not only to unknowns in the technology that will be used, but also to the scale change and to the various interactions and feedbacks that this scale change will bring to light. The most detailed study on this subject to date has been prepared in 1979 and 1980 by the Argonne National Laboratory for the American Department of Energy (DOE) as well as for NASA. This study was based on the Satellite power system point design, but can easily be generalized to any large scale space solar power design. According to the study, effluents from the Earth-space transportation system should be the major cause of solar power satellite related atmospheric effects. It is noted that the tremendous increase in scale as well as the basic lack of understanding of the physical processes involved renders the results as only tentative. Nonetheless, this study is fairly consistent with the “Proceedings of the workshop on the modification of the upper atmosphere by satellite power system propulsion effluents” held at La Jolla in 1979, by the report “Environment impacts of the satellite power system on the middle atmosphere” prepared by NASA in 1980, and by the paper “Effects of rockets exhaust products in the thermosphere and ionosphere” [Zinn, Sutherland, 1980]. The major conclusions are:
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