Figure 6.7 Micrometeoroid Occurrence...................................................................................... 143 Figure 6.8 Dose Equivalent as a Function of Aluminum........................................................... 146 Figure 6.9 Near-Term Environmental Tasks............................................................................... 158 Figure 6.10 Long Term Environmental Tasks.............................................................................158 Figure 7.1 Array Efficiency vs Time..........................................................................................166 Figure 7.2 Array Power vs Temperature.....................................................................................166 Figure 7.3 Possible Concentrator Collector Configurations........................................................ 169 Figure 7.4 Relationship Between the Concentration Ratio and Temperature of the Receiver .. 170 Figure 7.5 Possible Satellite Configurations with Solar Dynamic Systems................................ 171 Figure 7.6 Thermodynamic Efficiencies of Terrestial Heat Engines.........................................172 Figure 7.7 Organic Rankine Cycle Power System...................................................................... 172 Figure 7.8 Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC)Power System............................................................. 173 Figure 7.9 Stirling Engine with Linear Alternator...................................................................... 173 Figure 7.10 Schematic of Space Station Freedom Proposed SDS.............................................. 176 Figure 7.11 The SDS for Space Station Freedom....................................................................... 176 Figure 7.12 Cost Comparison for Space Station Freedom Power Generation...........................178 Figure 7.13 Model of a Thermoelectric Generator.....................................................................179 Figure 7.14 Coaxial geometric TPV converter........................................................................... 180 Figure 7.15 Calculated Efficiency for Monochromatic Cells Coupled to Laser Light...............181 Figure 7.16 Schematic view of a Gyroreactor........................................................................... 182 Figure 7.17 Liquid Droplet Radiator Concept.............................................................................182 Figure 7.18 Comparison of Specific Power for LDR and Heat Pipe Radiator...........................183 Figure 7.19 Mass Comparison for LDR and Heat Pipe Radiator (100 kW Nuclear Stirling) .. 183 Figure 7.20 Mainlobe Radiation Pattern...................................................................................... 184 Figure 7.21 Rectenna Efficiency.................................................................................................. 185 Figure 7.22 Power Distribution at Rectenna................................................................................ 186 Figure 7.23 Slotted Waveguide Radiator.................................................................................... 187 Figure 7.24 Integrated Solar Cell and Solid State Amplifiers......................................................187 Figure 7.25 Two Tone Pilot-Signal Retrodirective Antenna....................................................... 188 Figure 7.26 Atmospheric Attenuation Across the Radio Microwave and Millimeter Regions . 189 Figure 7.27 Atmospheric Attenuation Due to the Rain and Fog.................................................190 Figure 7.28 Penetration Depth as a Function of the Frequency for Snow.................................. 190 Figure 7.29 Simplified electrical schematic for an early rectenna element................................ 193 Figure 7.30 Photograph of an early rectenna element................................................................ 193 Figure 7.31 Solar Cell with Microwave Antenna, (conceptual design)......................................196 Figure 7.32 Antenna Paddle........................................................................................................ 197 Figure 7.33 Examples of Optical Pumping Lines in Solar Energy..............................................199 Figure 7.34 Indirect Solar Pumped Laser.....................................................................................199 Figure 7.35 Operation of Indirect Solar Pumped Laser...............................................................200 Figure 7.37 Absorbing Sphere Concept......................................................................................202 Figure 7.36 Optical Rectenna Configuration...............................................................................203
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