• Lender from inside or outside of the base country proposes a foreign dominated loan Foreign exchange risk should be avoided using an adequate currency risk protection. [Bunker, 92]. We consider three opportunities for Space Solar Power Program financial sources. They are international, government and private financing. Government sources can be acquired from space funds, public energy companies and by selling bonds. In case of United States government funding can be also held through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). European countries can obtain their contributions or a part of them through European Space Agency (ESA) and European Environmental Agency. International sources include money going from the IRDB (World Bank) and International Monetary Fund. Private money can come from oil companies, venture capital and shares sales. Government Funding Government funding can be obtained in 2 ways, as shown in Table 11.13 below : _____________Table 11.13 Government Funding Opportunities._________ The first method is an Intelsat- type funding scheme. But since we need ecologicaly pure energy sources with worldwide coverage, it is vital to encourage developing nations to use space solar power instead of coal and oil energy. The way to do that is to contribute a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In this case a part of payments for space solar power usage by developing nations is made, in fact, by developed countries, but in such a way developed nations will pay also for the insurance that almost the whole World is using ecologicaly pure energy sources. It will also provide developing nations possibilities for future economic growth. This way is similar to funding European Space Agency mandatory programs, but without mandatory obligations for allocation of the contracts. It is suggested to ask for a percent of GDP up to 0.4. This is based on the amount of money approximately spent by developed countries for their space programs and it will cover an Space Solar Power Program costs. This can give us up to 48 Billion current US dollars yearly, as shown in Table 11.14. Table 11.14 Demo Stages Of The Project. To find money for such an expensive project governments, as was mentioned, can use three ways (space funds, public energy companies and bonds). But this scheme is available for the developed countries, while developing countries could have difficulties in finding cash for such a project. In ths case, it's offered to use a payment-in-kind option . A poor country which may not be able to contribute hard currency will contribute either data, scientists, hardware or software. In this way, loans could be obtained from the regional development banks (World Bank) for use in the developing country. Another way to do that is to get some software or hardware from the developing nation instead of hard currency input [IPEO, 90].
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