• ground operations of the space segment: $1.3 million per satellite per year • running cost of ISPO: $ 18 million per satellite per year • operations of the ground facilities: $60 million per rectenna site per year • maintenance of a spacecraft: $60 million per satellite per year • operations of space transportation and assembly: $66 per satellite per year • maintenance of space transportation and assembly: $176 million per satellite per year • cost of in-orbit assembly: $380 million per satellite • cost of launch for a new satellite: $3580 million • cost of a new ground station: $7600 million • cost of management and manufacturing of a new satellite: $10 billion • development cost of the first 5 GW SPS are estimated at $210 billion; as a intermediate step improvements of the SPS design could be covered by ISPO itself (no cost estimates available) The above cost figures are based on the data of section 11.1.2, with a contingency added of 15%. All values are in '92 dollars. It is clear that the demonstration cases do not generate revenues of real financial importance, and only the intermediate size satellite, giving about $116 million revenues per year, can be used to privatize the first four steps of the above sequence. The other steps should be gradually split-off to the private sector as the full scale implementation of space solar power proceeds. Similar approaches are followed for instance by Ariane Espace, covering manufacturing and all operations of launchers, or by Spot Image, covering operations of remote sensing satellites. The other parts of the total cycle (design, development, etc.) are still covered by public funding sources for these cases. 11.2.4 Financial Options for the SSPP staged plan This section will address the financial sources which will be required during the evolution of the SSPP staged plan. The information provided will draw on the overview of financial sources presented in section 11.2.1 of this report, and selection of financial sources will be based on the financial risk analysis presented in section 11.2.2. An outline plan showing the steps required to introduce full scale space solar power to the energy utilities market was presented in section 11.2.3 of this report. This provided the reader with a financial overview of the growth of SSPP and the steps required to secure continued financial suport for the program. The financing requirements for each stage of this plan are different, and hence the funding sources utilised to implement each stage will differ. There are three options for the financial structure of each stage of SSPP. These are: 1. Purely private funding with fully commercial activities. 2. Hybrid structure - government funding with commercial activities to private funding without commercial activities. 3. Purely government funding with no commercial activities. The relevance of each of these scenarios is governed finacially by the potential private sourcing of space projects. Conventional space projects are often too high a risk and offer too little return on investment to be considered by financial institutions. It is considered that SSPP too would not provide sufficient return on investment in the early stages of the program. It is therefore not viable to begin with a purely private financed institution. As SSPP develops and increases it's market over the next twenty plus years, the potential for private financing will progress as more of the individual sub-sections of the SSPP stages are able to be run on a commercial basis. This assumption is based purely on financial considerations and does not integrate political and institutional ideals.
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