For small angles (the antenna pointing error is limited to 1 arc min) Sin 0 is appriximately 0 and Where ©r is the angle between the received electrical signal and the mechanical boresight. Where 0^ is the angle between the transmitted electrical phase front signal and the mechanical boresight. Where A0 is the difference between the electrical boresight of the received signal and the electrical boresight of the transmitted signal. Thus, the allowable frequency offset for the pilot signal is defined by the allowable pointing error:
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