xv 4.2.3 Solar Cell Efficiency ...................................................................................................................................21 4.3 Combining Sensitivities...........................................................................................................21 4.4 Making SBSP Systems Competitive with Terrestrial Renewables ..............................................22 5.0 Challenges and Opportunities ................................................................................... 24 5.1 Challenges to Operational System Development .....................................................................24 5.1.1 Large-scale ISAM Capability Challenges ....................................................................................................24 5.1.2 Large-scale Autonomous Distributed Systems..........................................................................................25 5.1.3 Power Beaming .........................................................................................................................................25 5.2 Challenges to Reducing System Costs ......................................................................................25 5.2.1 Launch costs ..............................................................................................................................................25 5.2.3 Manufacturing at scale..............................................................................................................................26 5.2.4 Launch cadence.........................................................................................................................................26 5.3 Regulatory and Other Challenges ............................................................................................27 5.3.1 Active Debris Removal ..............................................................................................................................27 5.3.2 Spectrum Allocation ..................................................................................................................................27 5.3.3 Orbital Slot Allocation ...............................................................................................................................27 5.3.4 Security......................................................................................................................................................27 5.4 Ongoing Improvements to SBSP Technology Needs .................................................................28 5.4.1 ISAM ..........................................................................................................................................................28 5.4.2 Autonomous Distributed Systems.............................................................................................................28 5.4.3 Power Beaming .........................................................................................................................................28 5.5 Ongoing Improvements to SBSP Economic Needs ....................................................................29 5.5.1 Electric Propulsion Orbital Transfer ..........................................................................................................29 5.5.2 Alternative Launch ....................................................................................................................................30 5.5.3 Mass Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................30 5.5.4 Advanced Materials ..................................................................................................................................30 5.6 Architecture Opportunities .....................................................................................................30 6.0 Options for NASA to Consider................................................................................... 30 6.1 Option 1: Undirected and Organic Development .....................................................................31 6.2 Option 2: Pursue Partnership Options to Advance SBSP...........................................................31
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