2 Figure 3. Share of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emission by Economic Sector in 2020, (EPA, 2023). Inset. Share of U.S. CO2 Emissions from Electric Power by Technology in 2022 (EIA, 2023). Some experts have noted that SBSP is a renewable energy alternative that could contribute to netzero goals, though SBSP is not featured in any of the net zero pathways considered by the most recent International Panel on Climate Change (P.R. Shukla, 2022). An SBSP system collects solar energy in space, converts that to microwave or optical laser energy, and transmits that energy to the Earth. A ground station receives the energy, converts it to electricity, and delivers it to the power grid for use. The rate and intensity of worldwide research into SBSP has seen significant growth: The number of publications on the topic nearly doubled from 2018 to 2022, with most of the research concentrated in China, the U.S., the European Union (EU), Japan, and Russia (NASA Library, 2023).
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