17 Figure 11. SBSP Systems (Baseline) and Other Renewables 3.1 Summary of SBSP System Costs and GHG Emissions The total cost for each system is: RD1, $276B; and RD2, $434B. The total GHG emissions for each system are: RD1, 14B kgCO2eq.; and RD2, 21B kgCO2eq. The combined on-orbit mass of the five RD2 satellites necessary to deliver 2 GW of power is nearly twice that of the 1-satellite RD1 system (1000 metric tons (MT) versus 585 MT), increasing its overall cost. The primary mass-based cost drivers are related to launch and disposal. The ground system costs for RD2 are also greater as it requires five ground rectennas to receive the same 2 GW of power. The same holds true for GHG emissions, as the increased number of launches leads to higher emissions relative to RD1. The major cost and GHG emissions driver for both systems is launching and manufacturing millions of tons of hardware, including robotic servicers for on-orbit assembly. Our baseline assessment assumes lower costs and better capability in some areas compared to today, and status quo in others, as discussed in Section 2, Methodology Overview. Recent analyses by Frazer Nash (Frazer Nash Consultancy, 2022) and Roland Berger (GmbH, Roland Berger, 2022) also make assumptions about the future state of technology and industry supply chains supporting
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