52 Estimating costs for Spacecraft Shielding: Aerospace assessed spacecraft shielding costs as part of the broader active debris removal assessment, which also includes remediation. We assess spacecraft shielding in the Operations ConOps phase since it is critical to ensuring operations and consider remediation as part of the Dispose ConOps phase. The cost due to spacecraft shielding is the cost of the additional mass needed to protect from orbital debris. Aerospace used the same mass increase for both systems (0.74%), supported by the Aerospace-developed assessment, “Space Debris: Models and Risk Analysis.” ConOps Phase 4: Maintain Maintain Components: • Manufacture replacement SBSP modules and servicers o Assemble replacement SBSP modules with replacement servicers in GEO • Launch replacement SBSP modules and servicers to LEO o Refuel launchers in LEO for orbital transfer to GEO • Perform mission operations and data analysis to maintain • Perform mission support services of program management, systems engineering, and mission assurance The following is a list of all WBS Elements supporting this phase, including how they compare to both design reference systems. Note that WBS Elements map to either the components of this phase or to the specifications which serve as inputs to the components. Table 12. Summary of all WBS Elements in the Maintain ConOps Phase WBS Elements RD1 RD2 Sources All hardware lifetime (years) 10.00 10.00 Aerospace Number of refurbishment cycles 2 2 Aerospace Number of refurbishment modules 2,926,000.00 4,000,000.00 Mankins, Sasaki Number of maintenance servicers 34 30 Mankins, Sasaki Total Maintain Upmass (kg) 11,799,200.00 20,084,000.00 Sasaki Disposable launches total 562 957 Total Starship Maintain launches 118 201 Refuel launches Maintain total 1416 2412 Number of Starships built (reusable) 131 224 Assumes Starships to GEO are not reused Cost of Maintenance Servicers ($) $15B $13.6B Cost of Maintenance Modules ($) $6.2B $7.47B
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