Basic Research and Investigation: 1680: The first explosion engine (using gunpowder) with a piston and cylinder was developed. 1690: The first piston and cylinder steam engine was Invented. 1769: The high-pressure steam engine was developed by Watt using principles similar to those found in the modern engine. 1770: The first steam powered vehicle was developed by Cugnat to pull artillery. 1821: The steam powered vehicle was Introduced as a commercial product. 1833 : Differential gearing was developed. 1844: Goodyear patented the vulcanized rubber tire. 1845: Joule formulated a mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics relating heat and mechanical energy. 1851: A compressed gas engine Ignited by a jump spark was patented. 1860: Gas engine with an electric spark Ignition three times more efficient than steam engines was developed by Lenols. 1866: Otto and Langen perfected a successful two-cycle and four-cycle gas engine. Incubation Period: 1872: A two-cyllnder engine using fuel oil was patented by Brayton in the United States. 1880: A gasoline engine was invented in England by Lawson. 1883: Daimler developed and manufactured a high-speed, self-ignition, gasoline-operated engine. 1887: First car powered by the Daimler engine was manufactured. 1889 : The pneumatic tire was patented by Dunlop (Ireland). 1890 : Olds Gasoline Engine Works was organized. Commercial Development: 1892: The automobile chassis was designed by Levassor (France). 1893: Pontiac Buggy Co. was Incorporated. Commercial Growth: 1S95: The first United States designed and manufactured automobile was marketed. 1897: Olds Motor Vehicle Co. was organized. 1899 : The first factory for the exclusive production of automobiles was built. 1902 : Cadillac Motor Co. was organized. 1903 : Buick Motor Co. was organized. 1903 : Ford Motor Co. was established. EXHIBIT 72. CHRONOLOGY OF THE DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE
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