Such a condition can exist within a volume element as small as (0.5 XQ)3 assuming the maximum spatial periodicity between field maxima and minima to be x /4. Even before discussing the various electromagnetic effects that might lead to q. > 1, one has to take note of the complexity of the problem by pointing to the fact that an average habitable space has a large number of potential hot spots (e.g., the room size 4 x 5 x 2.5 m has about 2x10 possibilities). Reflections of the incident radiation from intercepting surfaces are the key to assessing the likelihood of a HSP. Single reflections from curves surfaces can focus plane wave fields into spots, and multiple reflections can lead to resonant standing wave patterns with locally well defined field concentrations. The total power P available to cause effects is that "seen" by the shadow cross section X cast by a structure exposed to SPS radiation and is given simply by The shadow area X is typically between 5 and 500 m2 ; the power density S in the fringe area of the rectenna is not expected to exceed 0.1 mW/cm (see Appendix A), hence the total maximum exposure power falls in the range "Worst" cases would exist when (a) all of the power PQ is focussed into "one" spot such as is the case for a parabolic or spherical reflector with an on- axis or offset focal point or when (b) the power PQ is used to sustain a low loss resonance field. Neither condition, however, will occur inside a habitable structure since both have to be very carefully engineered for such purposes to ensure "perfect" reflections and "perfect" geometries. The following discussion will concentrate on the field energy that is consumed in the interior space of a structure, which is only a part of the total P (8). One can divide the cross section X into three components, where the contribution denoted SX$ is lost by reflection and absorption on the outside of the structure, the component SXt. describes the loss via transmission through the structure into the ground, and only Pi. = SXi is the power dissipated in the interior space.
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