Field Maxima Inside Habitable Structures At 2.4GHz 1980

Cover	1
Title Page	3
Table of Contents	5
List of Figures	7
Figure 1. The coupling coefficient	18
Figure 2. E-field distribution in circular and square apertures	18
Figure 3. Spatial interference pattern due to a reflected wave	21
Figure 4. Two examples of field patterns between two opposing plate reflectors	21
Figure 5. Two-dimensional metal reflector arrangements	26
Figure 6. Attenuation rate a of various materials at 3 GHz as a function of the water content.	29
Figure 7. Examples of open resonator geometries	33
Figure 8. Examples of measured free space SWR (interference patterns)	35
Figure 9. Probability distribution of hot spot occurrence inside sinqle story wood frame house	36
Figure A-1. Proposed SPS transmitted power density pattern	45
Figure A-2. Microwave power distribution on rectenna at equator	45
List of Tables	8
Table 1. Measured Insertion Loss of Building Materials	19
Table 2. Reflective Properties of Metals	22
Table 3. Electromagnetic Enclosure Properties	22
Table 4. Power Attenuation Rate in Dielectric Material at 2.5 GHz	24
Table 5. Conversion Table for Return Loss, Reflection Coefficient...	26
Table 6. Low Loss Dielectrics	27
Table 7. Lossy Dielectrics	28
Table 8. Dielectric Properties of Water at 3 GHz	28
Table 9. Dielectric Properties of Various Building Materials Reported at 3 GHz	29
Executive Summary	9
Abstract	11
1. Introduction	11
1.1. The Incident Microwave Radiation Field	12
1.2. Formulation of the Hot Spot Problem	13
2. Microwave Coupling Into An Enclosure	16
2.1 Direct Coupling	17
2.2. Aperture Coupling	17
2.3. Diffuse Coupling	19
3. Internal Reflections	19
3.1. Reflective Losses from Metals	20
3.2. Absorption and Reflection by Dielectric Material	23
3.3. Dielectric Properties of Typical Materials	25
4. Possible Resonance Characteristics of Habitable Space	30
4.1. Cavity Resonator	30
4.2. Open Resonator	31
4.3. Modeling of Resonance Fields	32
5. Measurements	34
5.1. Strength of 2.6 GHz Satellite Signal Inside Houses	35
5.2. Fields in Anechoic Chambers	36
5.3.Fields in Mine Tunnel (Dielectric Waveguide)	37
6. Mitigative Measures for Microwave Hot Spots	37
6.1. Outside Reflectors and Absorbers	38
6.2. Inside Absorbers	38
6.3. Mode Scrambler	39
7. Conclusions	39
8. Acknowledgments	41
9. References	42
Appendix A. SPS Power Density Pattern at Rectenna Site	45
Appendix B. Formulas for Three Simple Types of Cavity Resonators	46
Bibliographic Data Sheet	49

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