unlimited frontier with unknown boundaries and possibilities. It is so big, it requires the full cooperation of all nations on Earth to really utilize its benefits. For example, both the nuclear fission and fusion process technology of today came basically from the conceptual study of how fission and fusion acted in outer space. These processes were and are constantly taking place in outer space. We can already count the hundreds of Earth-bound economic and pragmatic materialistic scientific benefits we now enjoy on Earth from outer space. Many scientists have wondered if Einstein and outer space are not really the true keepers of world peace in the biggest point of view! Ecospace also points up the dichotomies of outer space within the common law countries. For example, in the U.S. and the United Kingdom and other common law and socialist law countries, private enterprise is demanding from their respective governments natural resources rights in outer space, legally and economically, with minimum home government interference. For the communist law countries, the problem does not exist as only the government itself is involved in outer space matters. Fortunately, the 1967 Outer Space Principles Treaty and the 1972 Liability Treaty make clear that the launching government is responsible for, and liable for, its space objects. This gives certainty, and a basic framework, from which outer space resources and possible “international regimes” can be postulated some years from now, when outer space natural resources exploitation, other than SPS, is feasible. Diplomats do not really yet know what “equitable sharing,” “common heritage of mankind,” and “international regime” really mean in five different official U.N. languages, or what they could mean. International law and national and international economics are involved. Fear by uncertainty is thus created in the minds of scientists, economists, diplomats, and lawyers. This uncertainty often breeds much useless legal and economic fears and discussion. Now analogies are even made, for outer space, to the centuries' encrusted law of the sea. Some governments say “halt,” we will do nothing further until we can review the past; and carefully make new international outer space policy for the future of our country! Treaties bring certainty, with the real test being whether it is better to have a particular new treaty, or no treaty at all, from a given government's viewpoint. All international lawyers strive for clarity and certainty of legal language; or else they simply agree to disagree, and try to rethink a problem, as to both law and economics, and try again. The ITU and WARCs also give certainty. Outer space has been the forward bellwether of all international law for the last twenty years, and a keeper of world peace with four now fully observed treaties. The 1979 Moon Treaty is the fifth UN-COPUOS treaty. Meanwhile, the law of the sea has been drowning international law, economic progress, and needed natural resources for all mankind. Outer space has wisely made its own successful lofty progress and will continue to do so! Outer space should and will point the way for the law of the sea and its natural resources; not the reverse! It is widely internationally acknowledged that pollution-free ultimately cheap sun energy from outer space is the next biggest step in new economics and law, for the resources benefit of all mankind. It is also a critical outer space progress step for both national security and world peace. President Kennedy of the United States had the courage to look six years ahead for the United States to be the first to set down human beings on the Moon. Will President Reagan of the United States have the courage to look six to ten years ahead for the first solar power satellite for the ultimate benefit of all mankind? The scientific technology is now in hand! The world “shock” impact of Sputnik will be nothing compared to the world “shock” impact of the first nation to produce perpetual pollution-free electric energy from the sun! The
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