He also stressed the need -for international Joint development of the SPS since the program will require a tremendous amount of investment which no country alone can afford. Demand for the new energy source will be mostly sought in the developing countries with higher growth rate expected from now on. International regulations and non-military use of the SPS will also necessitate the program to be multi-national. Dr. Glaser has also proposed Japan should participate in such a program. With the above background and history of the involvement in SPS, our SPS research and feasibilty study program should be carried out in close coordination with Dr. Glaser. Title: Comment 1 - Topics relating to the development of a SPS Source: Proceedings of the Second ISAS Space Energy Symposium, Institute of Space Ac Astr onau t i cal Science, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan, Dec. 13-14, 1982. (Paper No. 12) Authors: Hashimoto, Hiroshi; (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)> Keywords: SPS general, societal and institutional aspects, economics Abstract: The two oil crises in recent years have underscored the urgency of developing alternative electric energy technologies. Electric utilities have set up a plan to ride out such crises using lightwater reactors and coal until the early 2000"s, by which time new energy ATTACHMENT : technologies will have been developed. Some observers feel, however, that the urgency of the energy situation has diminished somewhat in the last couple of years because of the current surplus in oil supply resulting from more widespread energy conservation practices and the sluggish world economy. Yet, according to the World Energy Outlook, released by the International Energy Agency, oil will again be in short supply in the latter half of the 1980zs, and the development of alternative energy systems should therefore be more actively pursued. The world economy is thus expected to recover, but there is no way of knowing when a third oil crisis will take place. The Japanese economy will shift towards a low-growth state, but energy consumption will continue to increase, with electric power expected to represent a growing proportion of total energy consumption over the long term. The natural resources of the earth are limited. Oil, a chief source of electrical energy, is limited in quantity and causes political unrest in producing countries. Japan must rely upon more diversified energy resources. The SPS, which utilizes inexhaustible solar energy, is one system for power generation that should be implemented in fuel- and uranium resource-poor Japan. Many problems remain to be worked at in the SPS, however, before it can be applied to energy generation. These are described below. Title: Prime power for high-energy space systems: certain research issues Source: Proceedings of the AFOSR Special Conference on Prime-Power for High Energy Space Systems, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, Feb. 22-25, 1982. (Paper No. VI-8) Authors: Walbridge, Edward W.; (Argonne National Laboratory) Keywords: environmental effects, sps general, military aspects, onboard power storage and distribution Abstract: The most fundamental issue is: to what extent can high power space systems be hardened against directed energy attack. If they cannot be so hardened the result will be greater strategic instability. For large satellites Alfven wave drag and induced magnetic moment effects (drag and torque) may be ATTACHMENT : significant. These need to be better assessed. The physical mechanisms underlying Alfven wave drag and induced magnetic moment effects are described. An expression, not hitherto published, for the induced magnetic moment of a (ring-shaped) satellite is presented. Several other issues requiring attention are also pointed out. These include, in particular, the need to avoid a demise like that of Skylab, how to obtain high heat engine thermal efficiencey, what to do about the damaging effects of Van Allen belt radiation, and the need for storing energy over long periods but having it quickly available on short notice. Title: Software for comparison and optimization of power systems Source: Proceedings of the AFOSR Special Conference on Prime-Power for High Energy Space Systems, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, Feb. 22-25, 1982. (Paper No. X-8)
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