Keywords: space energy conversion, lasers, solar cells, microwaves, materials and coatings, nuclear, thermal control, Abstract: Radiations from the Sun, from microwaves and from lasers are assessed as energy sources for electric power in space. Recent advances in photovoltaic technology have improved the radiation resistance of silicon solar cells and substantially reduced their annealing temperature. Advances in GaAs arrays ATTACHMENT : include the featherweight CLEFT cell and lightweight blankets based on this cell. Use of the 100X miniature cassegranian concentrator is compatible with silicon, GaAs and advanced solar cells and not only reduces array cost but also raises efficiency and increases radiation tolerance. Advanced concepts to raise efficiency above 0.3 are also discussed. Parabolic mirrors could focus and collect either sunlight or laser radiation at high efficiency. From such heat sources at 1700-2200 K, several competitive concepts can generate electric power. Power can reach 30 kW/m(m) of radiator area or, alternatively, efficiency can exceed 50Z. For microwave power transmission over geostationary distances, wavelength must be reduced to 0.1 mm <by a factor of 1000) if collector area is to improve substantially over that of sunlit photovoltaic arrays. Lasers matched in wavelength to GaAs photovoltaic arrays appear capable of providing electric power exceeding 1 kW/kg of array mass. Title: Dosimetry for whole-animal microwave irradiation Source: Office of Naval Research Contracts N00014-70-C-0197 and N00014-70-C-0332 Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA 99352 Authors: Hunt, Edward L.; Phillips, Richard D.; Fleming, Dale M.; Castro, Richard D.; Keywords: microwaves, Abstract: A whole-animal calorimeter for measuring the differential heat content of two rat carcasses was used to measure the additional energy absorbed by one during its exposure to 2.45 GHz microwaves in a multimodal resonating cavity. Uli th this system, absolute dose measurements for whole-animal exposures are made ATTACHMENT : available for the first time. Simplified physical models of the rat made of a gel mixture and distilled water produced overestimates of the energy absorbed by actual rats of comparable size. Title: State of the knowledge for electromagnetic absorbed dose in man and an i mals Source: Proceedings of the IEEE, Uol. 68, pp. 24 - 32, January 1980. Authors: Gandhi, Om P.; <Fellow, IEEE; Dept, of Electrical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Keywords: microwaves, Abstract: The paper gives the EM absorbed dose for man and animals at various frequencies for the plane wave irradiation condition for different orientations of the body relative to incident fields. Also included are the results for the whole-body absorption for conditions of electrical contact with ground and in ATTACHMENT : the presence of reflecting surfaces of high conductivity and multiple animals. The data are given for the distribution of power deposition in man models for the resonance conditions of highest whole-body electromagnetic absorption. The highlights of the results obtained with propertionate1y scaled saline- and biological-phantom-fi11ed models of man have been confirmed by experiments with small laboratory animals, from 25-g mice to 2250-g rabbits. Title: Effects of modulated UHF Fields on the central nervous system Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, lJol . 247, pp. 74-81, February, 28, 1975. Authors: Bawin, S. M.; Kaczmarek, L. K.; Adey, W. R.; <Space Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024> Keywords: microwaves, Abstract: The existence of brief epochs in which electroencephalographic and neuronal activities are strongly correlated has been repeatedly established in different areas of the brain. For example, periodic slow oscillations of neuronal membrane potentials, frequency related to the concomitant local ATTACHMENT : electroencephalogram (EEG), have been recorded in various cortical areas and in hippocampal and thalamic sites. Therefore, the EEG appears to reflect the attenuated undulations of the membrane potential of a surrounding population of neurons, and rhythmic electroencephalographic patterns could be generated by extracellular summation of simultaneous transient slow electrical events in a population of cells.
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