effect was found in these results. Adverse affects seen in other studies (10, 13, 14, 16, 17) at similar power densities were not found in this study. In conclusion, it appears that the effects of microwave exposure dosages used in this study on the foraging behavior of a small avian species are minimal. Under more severe temperature and humidity conditions than those encountered in these experiments the effects of microwaves could be more significant. Acknowledgments — This research was supported by a contract from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (No. 68-02-3278) to Arthur D. Little. Inc., and subcontracts to Boston University (No. A-l 1038) and Manomet Bird Observatory (No. A-l 1040). For help of various kinds we thank Edward Cook, Russ Smallman, and Barney Schlinger. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U.S. Department of Energy via the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the article does not necessarily reflect the views of either agency and their official endosements should not be inferred. REFERENCES 1. P.E. Glaser, Power from the Sun: Its Future. Science 162, 857-886. 1968. 2. F.R. Hainsworth. Food Quality and Foraging Efficiency — The Efficiency of Sugar Assimilation by Hummingbirds,./. Comp. Physiol. 88,425-431, 1974. 3. R. Sibly and D. McFarland, On the Fitness of Behavior Sequences, Amer. Natur 110, 601-617, 1976. 4. C.H. Durney. C.C. Johnson. P.W. Barber. M.F. Iskander, J.L. Lords, D.K. Ryser, S.J. Allen, and J.C. Mitchell. Radiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook. Ed. 2. Report SAM-TR-78-22. Brooks Air Force Base, Texas: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine Aerospace Medical Division (AFSC), 1978. 5. F.E. Wasserman. Territorial Behavior in a Pair of White-throated Sparrows, Wilson Ball 92, 74-87, 1980. 6. J.K. Lowther and J.B. Falls, Zonotrichia albicollis (Gremlin) White-throated Sparrow, pp. 1364— 1392, in Bent, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 237, 1968. 7. R.C. Lasiewski and R.S. Seymour, Thermoregulatory Response to Heat Stress in Four Species of Birds Weighing Approximately 40 Grams. Physiological Zool. 45, 106-118. 1972. 8. J.W. Hudson and S.L. Kimzey, Temperature Regulation and Metabolic Rhythms in Populations of the House Sparrow, Passer domesticuls, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 17, 203-217, 1966. 9. S.C. Kendeigh, J.E. Kontogiannis. A. Mazac. and R.R. Roth, Environmental Regulation of Food Intake by Birds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31, 941-95, 1969. 10. S. Baranski and P. Czerski, Biological Effects of Microwaves. Dowden. Hutchinson and Ron Inc., Stroudsburg. 1976. 11. J. Gillard, B. Servantie, G. Bertharion, A.M. Servantie, J. Obrenovitch. and J.C. Perrin, Study of the Microwave-induced Perturbations of the Behavior by the Open-field Test into the White Rat. In: Johnson and Shore (Editors), Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Wr/w. US DHEW Pub. No. 77-8010. pp. 175-186, 1976. 12. A.H. Frey. Behavioral Effects of Electromagnetic Energy. In: D.G. Hazzard (Editor), Biological Effects and Measurements of Radio Frequencv/Microwaves. Rockville, MD: HEW Pub. (FDA) 77-8026, pp. 11-22, 1977. 13. D.R. Justesen, Behavioral and Psychological Effects of Microwave Radiation, Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med 55, 1058-1078, 1979. 14. S.M. Michaelson, Microwave Biological Effects: An Overview, Proceedings of IEEE 68, 40-49, 1980. 15. F.E. Wasserman, C. Dowd, B.A. Schlinger, D. Byman, S.P. Battista, and T.H. Kunz, The Effects of Microwave Radiation on Avian Dominance Behavior. Bioelectromagnetics 5, 331-339, 1984. 16. F.E. Wasserman, C. Dowd, D. Byman, B.A. Schlinger, S.P. Battista, and T.H. Kunz, Thermoregulatory Behavior of Birds in Response to Continuous Wave 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation, Physiological Zoot. 58, 80-90, 1985. 17. F.E. Wasserman, T. Lloyd-Evans, S.P. Battista, D. Byman, and T.H. Kunz, The Effect of Microwave Radiation (2.4 GHz CW) on the Molt of House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), Space Solar Power Review. in press.
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