[4] Sarkisjan, S.A., Corunov, S.S., Starostin, LA., Gurov, A.G., Carimulaev, M.A. & Mokritzin, A.M. (1985) Socio-Economic Benefits connected with the Use of Space Power and Energy Systems. [5] Novosti news agency text reported in The Times, Friday 28th February 1986. [6] Grishin, S.D., Chekalin, S.V. (1983) ‘Future Space Transport', NASA TM- 77554 (Novoye V Zhizni, Nauke, Tekhnike, Kosmonautika, Astronomiya, No. 11, Znaniya Press). [7] Dmitriyev, A.S., Koshelev, V.A. (1982) ‘Space Propulsion units of the Future' (Novoye V Zhizni, Nauke, Tekhnike, Kosmonautika, Astronomiya, No. 3, Znaniya Press). [8] Feoktistov, K.P. (1980) ‘Space' (Novoye V Zhizni, Nauke, Tekhnike, Kosmonautika, Astronomiya, No. 3, Znaniya Press). [9] Leskov, L. (1985) ‘Power-Industry Orbital Complexes of the 21st Century', Space Policy, pp. 84-85. [10] Novikov, V.N. & Scheverov, D.N. (1984) ‘Modernization and Unification Economic Efficiency Estimation when Planning the Developments of Space Vehicles'. IAF-84-231, Lausanne. [11] Novikov, V.N. & Scheverov, D.N. (1983) ‘Formation and Economic Effectiveness Estimation of Management - Engineering Systems for Spacecraft Development', Acta Astronaunica, 10. [12] Soviet Military Power, 1983 to 1986 editions, US DoD. [13] BBC Monitoring Service, 3 May 1986, ref SU/8249/D/3. [14] NASA news April 9 1986 (86-43). [15] Aviation Week & Space Technology, 14 April 1986. [16] Aviation Week & Space Technology, 7 Jan 1985. Acknowledgement Considerable help was given in producing this paper by the following advisors of CST Ltd: A. Bond, P. A. Hansson, T. J. Grant, A. R. Martin and J. A. Parfitt. However, all errors and interpretations remain solely those of the author and are not to be ascribed to any other person or organization. Postscript This paper contains the results of an analysis of the new Soviet launching system performed from the open literature by CST personnel during the period from the time of its revelation by DoD sources in 1983 [12] up to April 1986. It is published with text unchanged from the original conference proceedings because we believe that it contains important first statements in the western open literature on the nature of the new Soviet space transportation architecture currently being installed. It is pre ‘Energia' (by about a year) so that although the main strategic thrust of the Soviet space industrialization plans could be deduced from Soviet literature, the technical details of the new family of launchers had to be drawn mainly from the DoD open literature sources. In the light of the bare details of‘Energia' already released the transport architecture as originally conceived must now be reappraised and CST will publish the results of further analyses in the future. Already it can be seen that this transport architecture is every bit as advanced as the author was led to expect and that the main conclusions in this paper are likely to be strengthened and magnified rather than reduced.
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