station facilities. In addition, it was believed that traditional Earth norms, concerning lower limbs and bodily juxtapositioning would be carried into space by the workers and that these would constitute a further limitation upon efficient bodily movement and the alternative uses of lower limbs. High priority and desirability, however, were given to the propositions and wardrobes should be designed in a way that would facilitate alternative uses of the lower limbs, and that workers should learn to grasp, hold, carry and manipulate objects with the feet and legs. Space stations, and the objects which are placed therein, should be designed with flexible handhold/footholds in order to facilitate the use of all four limbs. This may help to minimize the extent to which some of the more restrictive norms from Earth are retained in the space culture. A number of factors were identified as contributing to low morale, discontent, and threats to mission accomplishment: limited personal space, minimal privacy, limited personal property, multipurpose common areas in which everyone must be circumspect in order to avoid interference with others, the necessity for all workers to engage in low prestige housekeeping chores, differential access to station facilities, social class differences, and constant fears about safety and survival in a hostile environment. Undesirable situations to which high priority attention must be given include the possibility for prejudice and discrimination as a result of socioeconomic class differences, the likelihood of frequent hostility and disputes between individuals or groups of workers, loss of self-identification and individuality, a climate of social conflict and competition for limited social resources, and the inclusion of a class of low status workers for the purpose of accomplishing the menial and undesirable tasks associated with station housekeeping and maintenance. All of these can contribute to an undesirable social climate which, if allowed to develop and continue, will have an adverse impact upon mission accomplishment and worker retention. The panel gave high priority to development of cultural norms related to the use of personal space and privacy in order to minimize conflict. High value for cooperative efforts directed toward mission accomplishment and survival of the inhabitants as a group, as opposed to high value for individual accomplishment and survival, will enable individuals to overcome many minor inconveniences of station life. All personnel should be crosstrained for several occupational specialities, including the less prsestigious occupations, and everyone should be periodically rotated through a variety of station duties. Social distinctions between crew members should be minimized by design of wardrobes that do not include symbols of rank or other social divisions, assuring equality of access to facilities and areas of the station, rotation of duty assignments, equity in activity scheduling and assignment of responsibility, and by providing all crew members with an active voice in decision and policy making. Station design should make maximum provision for personal activities and privacy, should minimize compartmentalization of groups, and should make provisions for simultaneous interaction between maximum numbers of workers. Duty assignments and rotations should be such as to cut across group boundaries that might arise from living arrangements, and loyalties to the crew as a whole should take precedence over loyalties within small groups or self-interest. 2. Sexual/Marital Factors The necessity that males and females share common personal hygiene facilities is in conflict with Western cultural norms related to modesty and privacy. Some crew members may use such a situation as an opportunity to engage in voyeurism or to seek sexual favours. Such activity is likely to be viewed as an affront to personal dignity
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