9. SPACE POWER MISSION APPLICATIONS I 9-3. Galileo and Ulysses Missions—Safety Analysis and Launch Readiness Status M. Joseph Cork' & James A. Turi2 'Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; 2Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy, USA. The Galileo and Ulysses missions are working their way up the Space Shuttle launch manifest for scheduled launches in October 1989 and October 1990, respectively. These missions, originally approved in 1978-79, have undergone several programmatic changes paralleling the development of Injection Stage Options for use with the NSTS. Since Galileo will explore the Jupiter system and Ulysses will fly by Jupiter en route to a polar orbit of the sun, both spacecraft are powered by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). The General Purpose Heat Source RTG developed by the Department of Energy is a successor to RTGs used on previous missions. Design characteristics and development history of the GPHS RTG are summarized. The Galileo and Ulysses missions programmatic changes have impacted the Launch Approval Safety Analyses. As a result of the Challenger accident and subsequent mission reprogramming, the Launch Approval Safety Analysis has undergone a complete rework. STS/IUS accident scenarios were reassessed and possible accident environments were identified. The Galileo Project undertook an extensive Earth-Avoidance Analysis because of the new trajectory design using two Earth flybys mandated by the solid propellant Interim Upper Stage. The Department of Energy completed a series of RTG tests using simulated solid propellant case fragments. The final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) was released in January 1989 for review by the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP). Key FSAR results and launch readiness status are summarized in the paper. (Paper number IAF-ICOSP89-9-3.) 9-7. Central Electrical Utility Power for a Satellite Ring City in Low Earth Orbit Space Ira T. Myers', Karl A. Faymon' & A. D. Patton2 'NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. The concept of a central power electric utility in a satellite ring city in low earth orbit is examined and compared with the approach of individual power sources in each large free flying structure making up the ring city. For a city with 10 free flyers, each having a weight of 1000 metric tons (106 kgm) and containing a nominal 100 people a projected power utility yearly gross income of $1 billion is projected. Consideration is given to the earning power of the 1000 people projected to live in the ring city and the value of products produced. Consideration is also given to the somewhat complex orbital dynamics of the large ring city cluster, and the attitude control needed to maintain its integrity. Power will be distributed to the individual members of the ring city by means of beamed power—the concept of ‘power without wires' from the central utility which is placed at the hub of the ring city. The details of a beam power transmission system, which distributes power from a large central reactor power source are discussed. Optimum frequency of the microwave beam for the ring city power system was found to be 30 to 300 GHZ (1 cm to 1 mm wavelength). The conclusion was that the use of centralized power has a decided advantage in the case of a nuclear system. Of the four cases treated (nuclear centralized, individual nuclear, solar centralized, individual solar) the central nuclear plant came out lower in
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